A Short History of English Agriculture eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 420 pages of information about A Short History of English Agriculture.

A Short History of English Agriculture eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 420 pages of information about A Short History of English Agriculture.

Farmers and landowners were asked to state the remedies required.  Some asked for more rent reduction and further prohibition of import, but the most general cry was for the lessening of taxation.

A Herefordshire farmer[556] stated that in 1815 the taxes on a farm of 300 acres in that county were: 

L s. d.

Property tax, landlord and tenant                  95  16  10
Great tithes                                       64  17   6
Lesser tithes                                      29  15   0
Land tax                                           14   0   0
Window lights                                      24   1   6
Poor rates, landlord                               10   0   0
"      tenant                                 40   0   0
Cart-horse duty, landlord, 3 horses                 2  11   0
Two saddle horses, landlord                         9   0   0
Gig                                                 6   6   0
Cart-horse duty,[557] tenant                        7   2   0
One saddle horse, tenant                            2  13   6
Landlord’s malt duty on 60 bushels of barley       21   0   0
Tenant’s duty for making 120 bushels of
barley into malt                                 42   0   0
New rate for building shire hall, paid by landlord  9   0   0
"           "           "         tenant    3   0   0
Surcharge                                           2   8   0
------------
L383  11   4
============

The parish of Kentchurch, in Herefordshire, paid in direct taxes a greater sum than the lands of the whole parish could be let for.

Another very general complaint was of the collection of tithe in kind, a most awkward and offensive method, causing great expense and waste, which, however, had given way in many places to compounding.

Such is the picture of agriculture after twenty years of high prices and protection.[558] One may naturally ask, if much money had been made by farmers during these years, where had it all gone to that they were reduced at the first breath of adversity to such straits?  Some allowance must be made for the fact that these accounts come from those interested in the land, who were always ready to make the most of misfortune with a view to further protection, and the farmer is a notorious grumbler.  It seems, however, that most landlords and tenants believed that the high prices would last for ever, and lived accordingly, and, as we have seen, many made no profit at all because of their increased burdens.  As a matter of fact, both were grumbling because prices had come back to their natural level after an unnatural inflation.[559]

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A Short History of English Agriculture from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.