will have the force of a unanimous recommendation by the Council.  In either case, if the necessary agreement cannot be secured, the members reserve the right to take such [action?] as may be necessary for the maintenance of right and justice.  Members resorting to war in disregard of the covenant will immediately be debarred from all intercourse with other members.  The Council will in such cases consider what military or naval action can be taken by the League collectively for the protection of the covenants and will afford facilities to members cooperating in this enterprise.

VALIDITY OF TREATIES

All treaties or international engagements concluded after the institution of the League will be registered with the secretariat and published.  The Assembly may from time to time advise members to reconsider treaties which have become inapplicable or involve danger to peace.

[Sidenote:  Monroe Doctrine not to be invalidated.]

The covenant abrogates all obligations between members inconsistent with its terms, but nothing in it shall affect the validity of international engagements such as treaties of arbitration or regional understandings like the Monroe Doctrine for securing the maintenance of peace.

THE MANDATORY SYSTEM

[Sidenote:  For nations not able to stand alone.]

The tutelage of nations not yet able to stand by themselves will be intrusted to advanced nations who are best fitted to undertake it.  The covenant recognizes three different stages of development requiring different kinds of mandatories: 

[Sidenote:  Provisional independence.]

(a) Communities like those belonging to the Turkish Empire, which can be provisionally recognized as independent, subject to advice and assistance from mandatary in whose selection they would be allowed a voice.

[Sidenote:  Abuses to be prohibited.]

(b) Communities like those of Central Africa, to be administered by the mandatary under conditions generally approved by the members of the League, where equal opportunities for trade will be allowed to all members; certain abuses, such as trade in slaves, arms, and liquor will be prohibited, and the construction of military and naval bases and the introduction of compulsory military training will be disallowed.

[Sidenote:  League to determine degree of mandatary’s authority.]

(c) Other communities, such as Southwest Africa and the South Pacific Islands, but administered under the laws of the mandatary as integral portions of its territory.  In every case the mandatary will render an annual report, and the degree of its authority will be defined.

GENERAL INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS

[Sidenote:  To maintain fair conditions of labor.]

[Sidenote:  Steps for prevention and control of disease.]