The Germans paid us back in July.  Sheltered in the ravines and windings of the valley, their artillery, being almost invisible, had nothing to disturb its aim.  The villages, the orchards, the grottoes, crammed with machine-guns, were so many fortresses; the whole valley was a veritable hell.  There were incessant counter-attacks, which the Allies, on the bare plateau, entirely devoid of cover, could repel only with the greatest difficulty.  They pushed forward step by step, and by fits and starts.  On the 19th our troops were hard put to it to hold the ground they had taken the day before; on the 20th they barely began to nibble at the ravines, at Ploisy and L’Echelle.  On the 21st the Americans took Berzy-le-Sec, and the French were astride the lower waters of the Crise; on the 23d they went down into the ravine of Buzancy.  But not until the 25th did they gain possession of the promontory of Villemontoire; and only on the 29th did a Scottish division, after three days of forward fighting, carry Buzancy.  This last success, to be sure, was decisive, for it uncovered the upper valley of the Crise.  And so, on August 2, the enemy gave way; that day the Allies crossed the valley along its entire length, and advanced across the eastern side of the plateau as far as the Vesle.  On the same day they entered Soissons—­at last.  The ancient capital of the French kings, the city which formerly disputed the claim of Paris to be called the metropolis, is now no more than a mass of ruins.  For four long years the war has laid its heavy hand upon her; and it is no new thing for her, since she had played an important military role in 1814, 1815, and 1870.  She owes it to her fine location, in the heart of a broad valley, where the roads from south and east meet.  Let us hope that her martyrdom will soon come to an end.

[Sidenote:  The Allies hold the entire plateau.]

Here ended the second battle of the Marne.  The Allies have regained possession of the whole plateau which extends from the Marne to the Vesle and the Aisne.  They have established themselves in the valleys of those great rivers, from Soissons to Braisne, Bazoches, and Fismes—­even to Rheims.  They find there formidable obstacles to be overcome:  a broad, moist, sometimes swampy bottom; facing them the cliff of the Chemin-des-Dames and the plateau of the Vesle, with its cap of limestone, and its numerous windings lined with villages and grottoes.  Except in case of a surprise or a voluntary retirement, it will be a hard job to carry these positions.  But sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.  The results already achieved are fine enough to justify us in declaring ourselves satisfied.

[Illustration:  A PICTORIAL MAP SHOWING THE FARTHEST GERMAN ADVANCE, THE HINDENBURG LINE AND THE LINE AT THE TIME OF THE ARMISTICE:  NOVEMBER 11, 1918]

[Sidenote:  The American troops do magnificent work.]

[Sidenote:  Peers of the world’s best soldiers]