in Venice itself, at Brescia, and among the mountains of the Valtelline.  Le Jay combated the forces of Calvin and Renee of France at Ferrara.  Salmeron took possession of Naples and Sicily.  Piacenza, Modena, Faenza, Bologna, and Montepulciano received the fathers with open arms.  The Farnesi welcomed them in Parma.  Wherever they went, they secured the good will of noble women, and gained some hold on universities.  Colleges were founded in the chief cities of the peninsula, where they not only taught gratis, but used methods superior to those previously in vogue.  Rome, however, remained the stronghold of the Company.  Here Ignatius founded its first house in 1550.  This was the Collegium Romanum; and in 1555, some hundred pupils, who had followed a course of studies in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and theology, issued from its walls.  In 1557 he purchased the palace Salviati, on the site of which now stands the vast establishment of the Gesu.  In 1552 he started a separate institution, Collegium Germanicum, for the special training of young Germans.  There was also a subordinate institution for the education of the sons of nobles.  These colleges afforded models for similar schools throughout Europe; some of them intended to supply the society with members, and some to impress the laity with Catholic principles.  Uniformity was an object which the Jesuits always held in view.

They did not meet at first with like success in all Catholic countries.  In Spain, Charles V. treated them with suspicion as the sworn men of the Papacy; and the Dominican order, so powerful through its hold upon the Inquisition, regarded them justly as rivals.  Though working for the same end, the means employed by Jesuits and Dominicans were too diverse for these champions of orthodoxy to work harmoniously together.  The Jesuits belonged to the future, to the party of accommodation and control by subterfuge.  The Dominicans were rooted in the past; their dogmatism admitted of no compromise; they strove to rule by force.  There was therefore, at the outset, war between the kennels of the elder and the younger dogs of God in Spain.  Yet Jesuitism gained ground.  It had the advantage of being a native, and a recent product.  It was powerful by its appeals to the sensuous imagination and carnal superstitions of that Iberian-Latin people.  It was seductive by its mitigation of oppressive orthodoxy and inflexible prescriptive law.  Where the Dominican was steel, the Jesuit was reed; where the Dominican breathed fire and fagots, the Jesuit suggested casuistical distinctions; where the Dominican raised difficulties, the Jesuit solved scruples; where the Dominican presented theological abstractions, the Jesuit offered stimulative or agreeable images; where the Dominican preached dogma, the Jesuit retailed romance.  It only needed one illustrious convert to plant the Jesuits in Spain.  Him they found in Francis Borgia, Duke of Gandia, Viceroy of Catalonia, and subsequently the third General of the Order and a saint.  This man placed the university, which he had founded, in their hands; and about the same time they gained a footing in the university of Salamanca.  Still they continued to retain their strongest hold upon the people, who regarded them as saviours from the tyranny and ennui of the established Dominican hierarchy.