{51} In March the writer made the suggestion to a representative of the Pretoria Government in the hope of getting rid by a ‘square talk’ of the many and ever-increasing differences, and was informed that the idea had often been discussed and as often abandoned, because it contained the objectionable feature of establishing a precedent for England’s interference in internal affairs.

{52} When on a visit to Cape Town in April, the writer called several times upon the High Commissioner, and learning by private advice that his movements were being reported in detail through the Secret Service Department, he informed Sir Alfred Milner of the fact.  Sir Alfred admitted that the idea of secret agents in British territory and spies round or in Government House was not pleasant, but expressed the hope that such things should not deter those who wished to call on him, as he was there as the representative of her Majesty for the benefit of British subjects and very desirous of ascertaining for himself the facts of the case.

{53} Since this was written, Mr. Chamberlain, speaking in the House of Commons on July 28, 1899, has thus disposed of the question:—­

’It has been broken in the spirit more than it has been broken in the letter.  The whole spirit of the convention is the preservation of equality as between all the white inhabitants of the Transvaal, and the whole policy of the Transvaal has been to promote a position of inferiority on the part of certain classes.  There is something even more striking than that.  The conventions were, of course, the result of a previous conference.  At that conference definite promises were made which made it impossible to doubt with what object the convention was signed.  On May 10, 1881, at a conference between representatives of her Majesty and representatives of the Transvaal the President, Sir Hercules Robinson, asked this question:—­

’"Before annexation had British subjects complete freedom of trade throughout the Transvaal?  Were they on the same footing as citizens of the Transvaal?

’"Mr. Kruger replied:  They were on the same footing as the burghers.  There was not the slightest difference in accordance with the Sand River Convention.

’"Sir Hercules Robinson:  I presume you will not object to that continuing?

’"Mr. Kruger:  No.  There will be equal protection for everybody.

’"Sir Evelyn Wood:  And equal privileges.

’"Mr. Kruger:  We make no difference so far as burgher rights are concerned.  There may, perhaps, be some slight difference in the case of a young person who has just come into the country.”

(Cheers.) ’Now, there is a distinct promise given by the man who is now President of the Transvaal State that, so far as burgher rights were concerned, they made and would make no difference whatever between burghers and those who came in.  The root of the difficulty which I have been describing lies in the fact that this promise has not been kept.’