islands, and the Chinese?  Are the former not, like the latter, rational beings?  If then they agree in the chief thing, which is excellency, how do they differ so much in the manner of living?  Why do some have an organized state, and others not?” And if this so brave people settle in communities and bind themselves with laws and government, they will in time lose that natural haughtiness and adopt different customs.  For if animals incapable of reason are domesticated by human intercourse and lose their fierceness, men capable of reason will do it much more.  The negroes furnish us with an example of this.  Although they appear a race that seems the scum of the world—­so wild [100] when they are brought, that they even appear more bestial than the beasts themselves—­yet, after intercourse with a civilized people, they learn at last to act like human beings.  Now how much better would the Indians of these islands do this, in whom has been found much capacity for whatever we have tried to teach them!  Those only who are unwilling do not learn—­through laziness, and because they see what little gain they derive from it.  Who will doubt that some of them make excellent scribes, so that even the Castilians are children compared to them.  Some are excellent singers, and there are choruses of musicians in Manila who would be notable in Espana.  For one to become an excellent tailor, all that is needed is for him to see the work.  They make very good carpenters; and this trade is not taught them, but they only have to see it.  For in what pertains to agibilibus [101] they are better than we, for they are more phlegmatic.  The Indian women have more capacity, and learn easily to use the needle, when they see it, thus they are more skilful than the Spanish women reared here; therefore the articles of handiwork that have been exported from these islands are numberless.  And all these Indian women live where there are religious, which is quite different from the visitas, with which there is no comparison. [102] The women of the visitas tremble before a religious.  When the religious talks to them in the church or elsewhere, they do not understand him.  They are thoughtless beings, and seem even more heedless than beasts.  I shall prove this proposition.  While I was visiting the Sibuyan Islands, I was trying to confess those people, who, although truly many of them were Christians, had never been confessed, perhaps because no more could be done with them.  I performed all my duties in order to persuade a people so rustic and rude, and without sense, to make confession.  At that time an honorable Spaniard, one Alonso de Barco, who was married to a native woman of Panay, went to those islands to collect his tributes.  He was walking through the church court when I was hearing confessions.  I had sent away one of the chief Indian women, because she did not pay attention or answer questions, and had told her to meditate thoroughly over her sins and return later.  She went out and the Spaniard