[33] That is, he signed Wilhelm Froebel instead of Friedrich Froebel, for a time.  It cannot have been for long, however.

[34] The young man mentioned on page 39.

[35] The pretty district bordering the river Ucker, in pleasing contrast with the sandy plains of Brandenburg; it lies at no great distance from Berlin, so that it forms the favourite goal for a short excursion with the people of that arid city.

[36] Whither Luther fled for refuge after the Diet of Worms in 1521; and where, protected by the Elector of Saxony, he lay concealed for a year.  During this year he translated the Bible.

[37] Held all over Protestant Germany in 1817.

[38] Our children still in like manner “say their catechism” at afternoon church in old-fashioned country places.

[39] This school, still in existence up to 1865 and later, but now no longer in being, had been founded under Gruner, a pupil of Pestalozzi, to embody and carry out the educational principles of the latter.

[40] There is a smaller town called Frankfurt, on the Oder.  “Am Main,” or “An der Oder,” is, therefore, added to the greater or the smaller Frankfurt respectively, for distinction’s sake.

[41] He never does, for this interesting record remains a fragment.

[42] Situate at the head of the lake of Neuchatel, but in the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland.

[43] Austria was not the only country alive to the importance of this new teaching.  Prussia and Holland also sent commissioners to study Pestalozzi’s system, and so did many other smaller states.  The Czar (Alexander I.) sent for Pestalozzi to a personal interview at Basel.

[44] Wandernde Classen. Some of our later English schools have adopted a similar plan.

[45] One of Pestalozzi’s teachers, to whom especially was confided the arrangement of the arithmetical studies.

[46] By positive instruction Froebel means learning by heart, or by being told results; as distinguished from actual education or development of the faculties, and the working out of results by pupils for themselves.

[47] This must mean the system invented by Rousseau, a modern development of which is the Cheve system now widely used on the Continent.  In England the tonic-sol-fa notation, which uses syllables instead of figures, but which rests fundamentally on the same principles, is much more familiar.

[48] "Geht und schaut, es geht ungehuer (ungeheuer)."

[49] The miserable quarrels between Niederer and Schmid, which so distressed the later years of Pestalozzi, are here referred to.

[50] A Consistorium in Germany is a sort of clerical council or convocation, made up of the whole of the Established clergy of a province, and supervising Church and school matters throughout that province, under the control of the Ministry of Religion and Education.  No educator could establish a school or take a post in a school without the approval of this body.