Many fragments of pottery lay about, but neither in number nor in interest could they be compared with those found near the ruins in the southwest of the United States, for instance, near the Gila River.  Some of the potsherds were one-third of an inch thick, and large enough to show that they had been parts of a large jar.  They were made of coarse paste, either gray or brown in colour.  Some had a kind of rude finish, the marks of a coarse fibre cloth being clearly discernible on the outside.  Others were primitively decorated with incisions.  One sherd of really fine thin red ware was picked up, but there was no trace of ornamentation on it.  We found, besides, a few cores of felsite and some shapeless flakes and several fragments of large metates.

In the valley formed between the mountains on the upper Bavispe River we met with very many such houses.  The clusters which we came across seemed to have been composed of a larger number of houses.  Parapets, also built of undressed stones and surrounding these villages, now became a constant feature.  Even within sight of our camp was such a parapet, six feet high, and house ruins were near by.  We also discovered an ancient pueblo consisting of thirty houses, all of the usual small dimensions, but not all alike in shape.  Some were round, others triangular, but most of them were rectangular, measuring eight by ten feet.  Along two sides of this village ran a double wall, while the other two sides were bound by a single wall constructed on the same principle.  Evidently these walls were built for the protection of the people in time of war.

About five miles south of our camping place the river turns eastward, and again two miles below this point it receives a tributary from the west.  One day I followed the broken cordon on its eastern bank, then turned north and ascended an isolated mountain, which rises about fifteen hundred feet high above the river.  There is a small level space on top, and on this there has been built, at some time, a fortress with walls of undressed stones from two to six feet high and three feet thick.  It was about fifty paces long in one direction, and about half that length in the other.  Remains of houses could be traced, and inside of the walls themselves the ground plan of three little chambers could be made out.

On the Bavispe River we photographed a trinchera which was about eight feet high and thirty feet long; and one of the foremen observed one which was at least fifteen feet high.

I decided to move the camp one and a half miles down the river, and to its right bank, on a cordon, where Mason, one of my Mexican foremen, had discovered some ruins.  It was very pleasant here after the rather cool bottom of the valley, which in the morning was generally covered with a heavy fog.  On this ridge were many traces of former occupancy, parapet walls and rude houses divided into small compartments.  The parapets were lying along the north and south