was ratified later by the law of Moses:  ’But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbor, to slay him with guile, thou shalt take him from Mine altar, that he may die’ (Ex. 21, 14); and yet again:  ’Life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe’ (Ex. 21, 23-25).  Christ confirmed it also when He said to Peter in the garden:  ’All they that take the sword shall perish with the sword’ (Matt. 26, 52).  The words of Christ:  ’But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil’ (Matt. 5, 38. 39), ’Love your enemies, . . . do good to them that hate you’ (Matt. 5, 44), and similar passages, having great weight, might seem to indicate that Christians under the Gospel should not have a worldly sword; but the human race is to be divided into two classes, one belonging to the kingdom of God and the other to the kingdom of the world.  To the first class belong all true believers in Christ and under Christ, for Christ is King and Lord in the kingdom of God (Ps. 2, 6, and throughout the Scriptures).  These people need no worldly sword or law, for they have the Holy Ghost in their hearts who suffer wrong gladly and themselves do wrong to no one.  There is no need of quarrel or contention, of court or punishment.  St. Paul says:  ’The law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners’ (1 Tim. 1, 9), for the righteous man of himself does everything that the law demands, and more; but the unrighteous do nothing right, and they therefore need the law to teach, constrain, and compel them to do right.  A good tree requires no instruction or law that it may bring forth good fruit, but its nature causes it to bear fruit after its kind.  Thus are all Christians so fashioned through the Spirit and faith that they do right naturally, more than man could teach them with all laws.  All those who are not Christians in this particular sense belong to the kingdom of the world.  Inasmuch as there are few who are true Christians in faith and life, God established, in addition to the kingdom of God, another rule-that of temporal power and civil government, and gave it the sword to compel the wicked to be orderly.  It is for this worldly estate that law is given.  Christ rules without law, alone through the Spirit, but worldly government protects the peace with the sword.  Likewise, true Christians, although not in need of it for themselves, nevertheless render cheerful obedience to this government, through love for the others who need it.  A Christian himself may wield the sword when called upon to maintain peace among men and to punish wrong.  This authority, which is God’s handmaid, as St. Paul says, is as necessary and good as other worldly callings.  God therefore instituted two regimens, or governments-the spiritual, which, through the Holy Ghost under Christ, makes Christians and pious people, and the worldly or temporal, which warns the non-Christians and the wicked that they