During the summer Smith spent much time exploring the Chesapeake Bay, Potomac, and Rappahannock rivers,[32] and in his absence things went badly at Jamestown.  The mariners of Newport’s and Nelson’s ships had been very wasteful while they stayed in Virginia, and after their departure the settlers found themselves on a short allowance again.  Then the sickly season in 1608 was like that of 1607, and of ninety-five men living in June, 1608, not over fifty survived in the fall.  The settlers even followed the precedent of the previous year in deposing an unpopular president, for Ratcliffe, by employing the men in the unnecessary work of a governor’s house, brought about a mutiny in July, which led to the substitution of Matthew Scrivener.  At length, September 10, 1608, Captain Ratcliffe’s presidency definitely expired and Captain Smith was elected president.

[Footnote 1:  Purchas, Pilgrimes, IV., 1647-1651; Strachey, Travaile into Virginia, 153-158; John Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 332-340.]

[Footnote 2:  Purchas, Pilgrimes, IV., 1654-1656, 1659-1667.]

[Footnote 3:  Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 27.]

[Footnote 4:  Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 46.]

[Footnote 5:  Hening, Statutes, I., 57-66; see also Cheyney, European Background of American History, chap. viii.]

[Footnote 6:  Brown, First Republic, 8.]

[Footnote 7:  Hening, Statutes, I., 67-75.]

[Footnote 8:  Ashley, English Economic History, II., 261-376.]

[Footnote 9:  Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 50.]

[Footnote 10:  Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 127-139.]

[Footnote 11:  Gorges, Briefe Narration (Mass.  Hist.  Soc., Collections, 3d series., VI. 53).]

[Footnote 12:  Strachey, Travaile into Virginia, 162-180; Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 190-194.]

[Footnote 13:  Neill, Virginia Company, 4-8.]

[Footnote 14:  Ibid., 8-14.]

[Footnote 15:  Purchas, Pilgrimes, II., 1365.]

[Footnote 16:  On the American Indians, Farrand, Basis of American History, chaps, vi.-xiv.]

[Footnote 17:  For accounts of aboriginal Virginia, see Strachey, Travaile into Virginia; Spelman, in Brown, Genesis of the United States, I., 483-488; Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 47-84.]

[Footnote 18:  Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 400.]

[Footnote 19:  Cases of rescue and adoption are numerous.  See the case of Conture, in Parkman, Jesuits, 223; Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, I., 113.]

[Footnote 20:  Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), 436.]

[Footnote 21:  Percy, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lvii.-lxx.]

[Footnote 22:  Percy, Discourse, in Smith, Works (Arber’s ed.), lxx.]