Nor was heraldic ornament confined to architecture.  It formed the grand embellishment of the interior of the palaces and baronial castles,

  “The gorgeous halls which were on every side,
  With rich array and costly arras dight.”

The canopies of state, the furniture and plate, were all emblazoned with the arms of the royal and noble owners.  And even at the present day, heraldry is far more effective for interior decoration than the unmeaning Italian scroll-work that is substituted for it.  Some idea of the value of both may be formed by glancing at the interior decoration of the new Royal Exchange; and it is to be regretted that the shields containing the arms of the different countries should not have occupied the walls, as an indication of the spot where the natives of those countries might be found; and that the compartments of the ceiling, if such ornament should be found in a building of this kind at all, should not be filled with the Italian floral scroll decoration.

In a preceding chapter of this Manual, the reader has been informed that the arms of a knight were emblazoned on the surcoat or outer garment that was worn over his armour, which was the origin of the term Coat of Arms.  Heraldic emblazonment was plentifully strewed over the mantles of the nobility when they assembled on state solemnities.  Nor was this ornament confined to the garments of males.  Ladies delighted to appear in the cognizances of their lords, or in their own paternal bearings.  Armourists that have amused themselves by treating on the curious and obsolete terms of heraldry, have supposed that the flanch and flasque represent that part of female attire which covered the body from the lower part of the neck to the waist, and that this part of the ladies’ dress contained the heraldic bearing.  Our contracted space will not allow our indulging in fanciful research, nor would it benefit our readers if we did so.  Suffice it that we have ample proof that heraldry formed the decoration of female attire.

Numerous instances may be found, either in stained glass, monumental brasses, or illuminated genealogies, of female figures bearing heraldic devices on their apparel.  A married lady or widow had her paternal arms emblazoned upon the fore part of her vest, which by ancient writers is called the kirtle, and the arms of the husband on the mantle, being the outer and the most costly garment, and therefore deemed the most honourable.  This is called bearing arms kirtle and mantle.

Our frontispiece contains two figures kneeling, taken from Dallaway’s Heraldry.  They are to be found in an illuminated pedigree of the Weston family.  The male figure is that of Sir John de Weston, of Weston-Lizars, in Staffordshire, and Isabel his wife, whose paternal name was Bromley.  In three quarterfoils beneath the figures are shields:  the first contains the arms of Weston, sable, an eagle displayed or, with a lable argent, fretty gules; the