THE SCOPE OF TIME AND MOTION STUDY IS UNLIMITED.—­It is a great misfortune that the worker does not understand, as he should, that motion study and time study apply not only to his work, but also to the work of the managers.  In order to get results from the start, and paying results, it often happens that the work of the worker is the first to be so studied, but when Scientific Management is in full operation, the work of the managers is studied exactly to the same extent, and set down exactly as accurately, as the work of the worker himself.  The worker should understand this from the start, that he may become ready and willing to cooeperate.

DETAILED RECORDS NECESSARY.—­Motion study and time study records must go into the greatest detail possible.  If the observations are hasty, misdirected or incomplete they may be quite unusable and necessitate going through the expensive process of observation all over again.  Dr. Taylor has stated that during his earlier experiences he was obliged to throw away a large quantity of time study data, because they were not in sufficient detail and not recorded completely enough to enable him to use them after a lapse of a long period from the time of their first use.  No system of time study, and no individual piece of time study, can be considered a success unless by its use at any time, when new, or after a lapse of years, an accurate prediction of the amount of work a man can do can be made.

All results attained should invariably be preserved, whether they appear at the moment to be useful or valuable or not.  In time study in the past it has been found, as in the investigations of all other sciences, that apparently unimportant details of today are of vital importance years after, as a necessary step to attain, or further proof of a discovery.  This was exemplified in the case of the shoveling experiment of Dr. Taylor.  The laws came from what was considered the unimportant portion of the data.  There is little so unimportant that time and motion study would not be valuable.  Just as it is a great help to the teacher to know the family history of the student, so it is to the one who has to use time and motion study data to know all possible of the hereditary traits, environment and habits of the worker who was observed.

SPECIALIZED STUDY IMPERATIVE.—­As an illustration of the field for specialized investigation which motion study and time study present, we may take the subject of fatigue.  Motion Study and Time Study aim to show,

    1. the least fatiguing method of getting least waste.
    2. the length of time required for a worker to do a
       certain thing.
    3. the amount of rest and the time of rest required to
       overcome fatigue.

Dr. Taylor spent years in determining the percentage of rest that should be allowed in several of the trades, beginning with those where the making of output demands weight hanging on the arms; but there is still a great amount of investigation that could be done to advantage to determine the most advisable percentage of rest in the working day of different lengths of hours.  Such investigation would probably show that many of our trades could do the same amount of work in fewer hours, if the quantity and time of rest periods were scientifically determined.