MENTAL DEVELOPMENT.—­Welfare under Scientific Management is provided for by Mental Development.  This we may discuss under habits, and under general mental development.

    1.  As for habits we must consider

      (a) Habits of attention.  Under Scientific Management, as we
          have shown, attention must become a habit.  Only when it
          does become a habit, can the work required be properly
          performed, and the reward received.  As only those who
          show themselves capable of really receiving the reward
          are considered to be properly placed, ultimately all
          who remain at work under Scientific Management must
          attain this habit of attention.
      (b) Habit of method of attack.  This not only enables the
          worker to do the things that he is assigned
          satisfactorily, but also has the broadening effect of
          teaching him how to do other things, i.e., showing him
          the “how” of doing things, and giving him standards
          which are the outcome of mental habits, and by which he
          learns to measure.

2.  General mental development is provided for by the experience which the worker gets not only in the general way in which all who work must give experience, but in the set way provided for by Scientific Management.  This is so presented to the worker that it becomes actually usable at once.  This not only allows him to judge others, but provides for self-knowledge, which is one of the most valuable of all of the outcomes of Scientific Management.  He becomes mentally capable of estimating his own powers and predicting what he himself is capable of doing.  The outcome of this mental development is

      (a) wider interest.
      (b) deeper interest.
      (c) increased mental capabilities.

The better method of attack would necessarily provide for wider interest.  The fact that any subject taken up is in its ultimate final unit form, would certainly lead to deeper interest; and the exercise of these two faculties leads to increased mental capabilities.

MORAL DEVELOPMENT.—­Moral development under Scientific
Management results from the provisions made for cultivating—­

1. personal responsibility. 2. responsibility for others. 3. appreciation of standing. 4. self-control. 5. “squareness.”

    1.  Personal responsibility is developed by

      (a) Individual recognition.  When the worker was considered
          merely as one of a gang, it was very easy for him to
          shift responsibilities upon others.  When he knows that
          he is regarded by the management, and by his mates, as
          an individual, that what he does will show up in an
          individual record, and will receive individual reward
          or punishment, necessarily personal responsibility is
          developed.