[Footnote 38:  Colonel Pasley states that only one and a half yards of excavation, per man, was executed in a whole night, by the untrained troops in the Peninsular war; whereas an instructed sapper can easily accomplish this in twenty minutes, and that it has been done by one of his most skilful sappers, at Chatham, in seven minutes!]

During all this time the French furnished their armies in Spain with well-organized engineer forces.  We have endeavored to form a comparison of the number of French engineers and artillerists employed on these peninsular sieges.  But from the loose manner in which these details are usually given by historians, it is almost impossible to distinguish between the two.  Both are not unfrequently given under the same head, and when a distinction is apparently kept up, only the engineer staff is mentioned under the head of engineers—­the sappers, miners, artificers, the train, &c., all being put down as artillery.  In the following table we have endeavored to arrange them as is done in our own army.  The trains of both arms are left out, for frequently that of one arm performed the duties of the other.  Moreover, in our service a portion of these duties of engineer and artillery trains is performed by the quartermaster’s department.  For those who wish to know the exact organization of the French engineer train, we give it as it existed in 1811, viz.:—­seven troops, each troop consisting of three officers, one hundred and forty-one non-commissioned officers and privates, two hundred and fifty horses, and fifty wagons, conveying five thousand two hundred and seventy intrenching tools, one thousand seven hundred cutting tools, one thousand eight hundred and two artificers’ tools, two hundred and fifty-three miners’ tools, and eight thousand three hundred and eighteen kilogrammes’ weight of machinery and stores, each article being made to a particular pattern.  The pioneers in Spain acted sometimes with one arm and sometimes with the other, and we have assigned them accordingly in the table.  The pontoniers, however, in our service are included with the engineers; we have therefore put them, in our table, in the same column with the engineers.

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______________
|   Engineer    |Artillery staff,|  Total    |  Total of
|staff, sappers,| horse and foot |    of     | artillery
|    miners,    |   artillery,   |engineers, |staff, horse
| pontoniers,   | ouvriers, and  | sappers,  |  and foot
|and pioneers.  |   pioneers.    |  miners,  |artillery,
Name of Siege.  |________________________________|pontoniers,|ouvriers,
|       |       |       |        |    and    |     and
|Offic. | Men.  |Offic. | Men.   | pioneers. | pioneers.
_______________|_______|_______|_______|________|___________

|____________
Saragossa,      |   86  | 1189  |   90  |  1276  |    1275   |    1360
Rosas,          |   21  |  211  |   —­  |   —­   |     232   |     461