During the contest, the fleet “fired nearly one hundred and eighteen tons of powder, and fifty thousand shot, (weighing more than five hundred tons of iron,) besides nine hundred and sixty thirteen and ten-inch shells, (thrown by the bomb-vessels,) and the shells and rockets from the flotilla.”  The vessels were considerably crippled, and their loss in killed and wounded amounted to eight hundred and eighty-three.  The land batteries were much injured, and a large part of their guns dismounted.  Their loss is not known; the English confess they could obtain no account of it, but suppose it to have been very great.  This seems more than probable; for, besides those actually employed in the defence, large numbers of people crowded into the forts to witness the contest.  So great was this curiosity, that, when the action commenced, the parapets were covered with the multitude gazing at the manoeuvres of the ships.  To avoid so unnecessary and indiscriminate a slaughter, Lord Exmouth (showing a humanity that does him great credit) motioned with his hand to the ignorant wretches to retire to some place of safety.  This loss of life in the batteries, the burning of the buildings within the town and about the mole, the entire destruction of their fleet and merchant vessels anchored within the mole and in the harbor, had a depressing effect upon the inhabitants, and probably did more than the injuries received by the batteries in securing an honorable conclusion to the treaty.  We know very well that these batteries, though much injured, were not silenced when Lord Exmouth took advantage of the land breeze and sailed beyond their reach.  The ships retired—­1st, because they had become much injured, and their ammunition nearly exhausted; 2d, in order to escape from a position so hazardous in case of a storm; and 3d, to get beyond the reach of the Algerine batteries.  Lord Exmouth himself gives these as his reasons for the retreat, and says, “the land wind saved me many a gallant fellow.”  And Vice-admiral Von de Capellan, in his report of the battle, gives the same opinion:  “in this retreat” says he, “which, from want of wind and the damage suffered in the rigging, was very slow, the ships had still to suffer much from the new-opened and redoubled fire of the enemy’s batteries; at last, the land breeze springing up,” &c.  An English officer, who took part in this affair, says:  “It was well for us that the land wind came off, or we should never have got out; and God knows what would have been our fate, had we remained all night.”

The motives of the retreat cannot, therefore, be doubted.  Had the Arabs set themselves zealously at work, during the night, to prepare for a new contest, by remounting their guns, and placing others behind the ruins of those batteries which had fallen,—­in other words, had the works now been placed in hands as skilful and experienced as the English, the contest would have been far from ended.  But (to use the words