Essays on Political Economy eBook

Frédéric Bastiat
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 213 pages of information about Essays on Political Economy.

Essays on Political Economy eBook

Frédéric Bastiat
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 213 pages of information about Essays on Political Economy.

Directed by the comparison of prices, it distributes food over the whole surface of the country, beginning always at the highest, price, that is, where the demand is the greatest.  It is impossible to imagine an organisation more completely calculated to meet the interest of those who are in want; and the beauty of this organisation, unperceived as it is by the Socialists, results from the very fact that it is free.  It is true, the consumer is obliged to reimburse commerce for the expenses of conveyance, freight, store-room, commission, &c.; but can any system be devised in which he who eats corn is not obliged to defray the expenses, whatever they may be, of bringing it within his reach?  The remuneration for the service performed has to be paid also; but as regards its amount, this is reduced to the smallest possible sum by competition; and as regards its justice, it would be very strange if the artizans of Paris would not work for the artizans of Marseilles, when the merchants of Marseilles work for the artizans of Paris.

If, according to the Socialist invention, the State were to stand in the stead of commerce, what would happen?  I should like to be informed where the saving would be to the public?  Would it be in the price of purchase?  Imagine the delegates of 40,000 parishes arriving at Odessa on a given day, and on the day of need:  imagine the effect upon prices.  Would the saving be in the expenses?  Would fewer vessels be required; fewer sailors, fewer transports, fewer sloops? or would you be exempt from the payment of all these things?  Would it be in the profits of the merchants?  Would your officials go to Odessa for nothing?  Would they travel and work on the principle of fraternity?  Must they not live?  Must not they be paid for their time?  And do you believe that these expenses would not exceed a thousand times the two or three per cent. which the merchant gains, at the rate at which he is ready to treat?

And then consider the difficulty of levying so many taxes, and of dividing so much food.  Think of the injustice, of the abuses inseparable from such an enterprise.  Think of the responsibility which would weigh upon the Government.

The Socialists who have invented these follies, and who, in the days of distress, have introduced them into the minds of the masses, take to themselves literally the title of advanced men; and it is not without some danger that custom, that tyrant of tongues, authorizes the term, and the sentiment which it involves. Advanced! This supposes that these gentlemen can see further than the common people; that their only fault is that they are too much in advance of their age; and if the time is not yet come for suppressing certain free services, pretended parasites, the fault is to be attributed to the public which is in the rear of Socialism.  I say, from my soul and my conscience, the reverse is the truth; and I know not to what barbarous age we should have to go back, if we would find the level of Socialist knowledge on this subject.  These modern sectarians incessantly oppose association to actual society.  They overlook the fact that society, under a free regulation, is a true association, far superior to any of those which proceed from their fertile imaginations.

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Essays on Political Economy from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.