never acquired, admits of great cultivation, receives impressions, generates ideas, and makes wonderful efforts.  Cultivation and education gives it these, but never its vigor and power.  In whatever grade or caste of society this is born, it soon works its way to the top, disrupts every band which ties it down, and naturally rises above the lower strata, as the rarefied atmosphere rises above the denser.  This higher order of intellect will naturally control, and as naturally protect its power.  From such, a better government may always be expected; and without this control, none can be wholesome or permanent.

CHAPTER XVI.

PARTY PRINCIPLES.

ORIGIN OF PARTIES—­FEDERAL AND REPUBLICAN PECULIARITIES—­JEFFERSON’S PRINCIPLES AND RELIGION—­DEMOCRACY—­VIRGINIA AND MASSACHUSETTS PARTIES —­WAR WITH FRANCE—­SEDITION LAW—­LYMAN BEECHER—­THE ALMIGHTY DOLLAR—­ “HAIL COLUMBIA” AND “YANKEE DOODLE.”

The Federal and Republican parties of the nation had their rise and formation out of the two principles of government—­the one descending, as by inheritance, from the mother-country, and the other growing out of the formation of the governments established in the early organization of the colonies.  A republican form of government was natural to the people.  It had become so from habit.  They had, in each colony, enjoyed a representative form; had made their own laws, and, with the exception of their Governors and judicial officers, had chosen, by ballot, all their legislative and ministerial officers.  Most of the principles and practices of a democratic form of government, consequently, were familiar to them.  The etiquette of form and ceremony preserved by the Governors, conformed to English usage.  This was only familiar to those of the masses whose business brought them in contact with these ministerial officers and their appendages.

These were continued, to some extent, for a time; but Jefferson saw that they must soon cease, and yield to a sensible, simple intercourse between the officials of the Government and the people.  This was foreshadowed in the Declaration of Independence, drafted by him.  Immediately upon the success of the Revolution, and the organization of the General Government, he enunciated the opinions and principles now known as Jeffersonian or democratic.  It has been charged upon him, that he borrowed his principles from the leaders of the French Revolution, as he did his religion from Voltaire and Tom Paine.

Jefferson was an original thinker, and thought boldly on all subjects.  He had studied not only the character and history of governments, but of religions, and from the convictions of his own judgment were formed his opinions and his principles.  His orthodoxy was his doxy, and he cared very little for the doxy of any other man or set of men.  His genius and exalted talents gave him a light which shines in upon few brains, and if his religious opinions were fallacious, there are few of our day who will say that his social and political sentiments were or are wrong.  As to his correctness in the former, it is not, nor will it ever be, given to man to demonstrate.  This is the only subject about which there is no charity for him who differs from the received dogmas of the Church, and to-day his name is an abomination only to the Federalists and the Church.