’Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. 44.  But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you; 45.  That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven:  for He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. 46.  For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? 47.  And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others! do not even the publicans so? 48.  Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.’—­MATT. v. 43-48.

The last of the five instances of our Lord’s extending and deepening and spiritualising the old law is also the climax of them.  We may either call it the highest or the deepest, according to our point of view.  His transfiguring touch invests all the commandments with which He has been dealing with new inwardness, sweep, and spirituality, and finally He proclaims the supreme, all-including commandment of universal love.  ’It hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour’—­that comes from Lev. xix. 18; but where does ‘and hate thine enemy’ come from?  Not from Scripture, but in the passage in Leviticus ‘neighbour’ is co-extensive with ‘children of thy people,’ and the hatred and contempt of all men outside Israel which grew upon the Jews found a foothold there.  ’Who is my neighbour?’ was apparently a well-discussed question in the schools of the Rabbis, and, whether any of these teachers ever committed themselves to plainly formulating the principle or not, practically the duty of love was restricted to a narrow circle, and the rest of the wide world left out in the cold.  But not only was the circumference of love’s circle drawn in, but to hate an enemy was elevated almost into a duty.  It is the worst form of retaliation.  ‘An eye for an eye’ is bad enough, but hate for hate plunges men far deeper in the devil’s mire.  To flash back from the mirror of the heart the hostile looks which are flung at us, is our natural impulse; but why should we always leave it to the other man to pitch the keynote of our relations with him?  Why should we echo only his tones?  Cannot we leave his discord to die into silence and reply to it by something more musical?  Two thunder-clouds may cast lightnings at each other, but they waste themselves in the process.  Better to shine meekly and victoriously on as the moon does on piled masses of darkness till it silvers them with its quiet light.  So Jesus bids us do.  We are to suppress the natural inclination to pay back in the enemy’s own coin, to ‘give him as good as he gave us,’ to ’show proper spirit,’ and all the other fine phrases with which the world whitewashes hatred and revenge.  We are not only to allow no stirring of malice in our feelings, but we are to let kindly emotions bear