Secret messages and how carried 37

  Spy signs 39

  Secret plans of fortresses 52

  “Butterfly hunting” In Dalmatia 57

  How spies disguise themselves 61

  Exploring A foreign dockyard 74

  Spying on mountain troops 79

  More mountain spying 86

  Fooling A German sentry 91

  A spy is suspicious 95

  Hoodwinking A Turkish sentry 100

  Tea and A Turk 106

  Watching the Bosnians 110

  Encounter with foreign police 116

  Caught at last 124

  The escape 128

* * * * *

MY ADVENTURES AS A SPY

It has been difficult to write in peace-time on the delicate subject of spies and spying, but now that the war is in progress and the methods of those much abused gentry have been disclosed, there is no harm in going more fully into the question, and to relate some of my own personal experiences.

Spies are like ghosts—­people seem to have had a general feeling that there might be such things, but they did not at the same time believe in them—­because they never saw them, and seldom met anyone who had had first-hand experience of them.  But as regards the spies, I can speak with personal knowledge in saying that they do exist, and in very large numbers, not only in England, but in every part of Europe.

As in the case of ghosts, any phenomenon which people don’t understand, from a sudden crash on a quiet day to a midnight creak of a cupboard, has an affect of alarm upon nervous minds.  So also a spy is spoken of with undue alarm and abhorrence, because he is somewhat of a bogey.

As a first step it is well to disabuse one’s mind of the idea that every spy is necessarily the base and despicable fellow he is generally held to be.  He is often both clever and brave.

The term “spy” is used rather indiscriminately, and has by use come to be a term of contempt.  As a misapplication of the term “spy” the case of Major Andre always seems to me to have been rather a hard one.  He was a Swiss by birth, and during the American War of Independence in 1780 joined the British Army in Canada, where he ultimately became A.D.C. to General Sir H. Clinton.

The American commander of a fort near West Point, on the Hudson River, had hinted that he wanted to surrender, and Sir H. Clinton sent Andre to treat with him.  In order to get through the American lines Andre dressed himself in plain clothes and took the name of John Anderson.  He was unfortunately caught by the Americans and tried by court martial and hanged as a spy.

As he was not trying to get information, it seems scarcely right to call him a spy.  Many people took this view at the time, and George III. gave his mother a pension, as well as a title to his brother, and his body was ultimately dug up and re-interred in Westminster Abbey.