a.  The answer YES is expressed by ita, etiam, vero, sane, or by
  repetition of the verb; as,—­

    ‘visne locum mutemus?’ ‘sane’. ’Shall we change the place?’
    ’Certainly.’

    ‘estisne vos legati?’ ‘sumus.’ ’Are you envoys?’ ’Yes.’

  b.  The answer NO is expressed by non, minime, minime vero, or by
  repeating the verb with a negative; as,—­

    ‘jam ea praeteriit?’ ‘non.’ ’Has it passed?’ ’No.’

    ‘estne frater intus?’ ‘non est.’ ’Is your brother within?’ ’No.’

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

163.  The two essential parts of a sentence are the SUBJECT and PREDICATE.

The SUBJECT is that concerning which something is said, asked, etc. The PREDICATE is that which is said, asked, etc., concerning the SUBJECT.

SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES.

164.  Sentences containing but one Subject and one Predicate are called SIMPLE SENTENCES, those containing more are called COMPOUND SENTENCES.  Thus puer libros legit, the boy reads books, is a Simple Sentence; but puer libros legit et epistulas scribit, the boy reads books and writes letters, is a Compound Sentence.  The different members of a Compound Sentence are called Clauses.

165.  COOeRDINATE AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.  Clauses which stand upon an equality are called COOeRDINATE; a Clause dependent on another is called SUBORDINATE.  Thus in puer libros legit et epistulas scribit the two clauses are Cooerdinate; but in puer libros legit quos pater scribit, the boy reads the books which his father writes, the second clause is Subordinate to the first.

* * * * *

CHAPTER II.—­Syntax of Nouns.

SUBJECT.

166.  The Subject of a Finite Verb (i.e. any form of the Indicative, Subjunctive, or Imperative) is in the Nominative Case.

1.  The Subject may be—­

  a) A Noun or Pronoun; as,—­

    puer scribit, the boy writes;

    hic scribit, this man writes.

  b) An Infinitive; as,—­

    decorum est pro patria mori, to die for one’s county is a noble
    thing.

  c) A Clause; as,—­

    opportune accidit quod vidisti, it happened opportunely that you saw.

2.  A Personal Pronoun as Subject is usually implied in the Verb and is not separately expressed; as,—­

    scribo, I write; videt, he sees.

  a.  But for the purpose of emphasis or contrast the Pronoun is expressed;
  as,—­

    ego scribo et tu legis, I write, and you read.

3.  The verb is sometimes omitted when it can be easily supplied from the context, especially the auxiliary sum; as,—­

    recte ille (sc. facit), he does rightly; consul profectus (sc.
    est), the consul set out.