the fifth, that the convocation of a Synod in the situation of affairs at that time must have been attended with great danger; that the assembling of the Synod of Dort was illegal, since it was done without consent of the Province of Holland:  in the sixth, he sets forth the measures taken by the States of Holland to restore tranquillity; in the seventh, the reasonableness of the regulation of 1591 relating to the share which the Magistrates ought to have in the nomination of the Ministers of the Gospel; in the eighth, that the approbation of the majority ought to be looked upon as a decision:  the excesses of the Contra-Remonstrants are particularised in the ninth:  the tenth and eleventh justify the province of Holland in relation to the raising a new militia, which were called Attendants.  The informality of his arrest is displayed in the thirteenth Chapter; Grotius there shews that he and the others arrested at the same time had only executed the orders of their Superiors and Sovereigns; that those who arrested him had no power to do it; that the States-General had no authority over the subjects of the Provinces; that they were a party in the dispute; that the persons arrested were members of the States of Holland, and were arrested in the Province of Holland, where the States-General had no jurisdiction.  The fourteenth Chapter exposes the want of formality in the proceedings from the time of their arrest to the nomination of their judges.  The fifteenth Chapter points out the want of formality in the nomination of the judges:  and proves the extravagancy of making it a crime in them to maintain the rights of the States their Sovereigns, agreeable to the express orders they received.  The sixteenth Chapter explains the informality committed after the Judges were nominated.  The seventeenth displays the irregularity of the sentence passed upon them.  The eighteenth gives a detail of the wrongs done to them after the Sentence.  The nineteenth Chapter contains several remarks all tending to shew the irregularity of the sentence.  The Author concludes this work, with a Prayer, imploring the Divine Goodness to pardon his enemies, and protect his Country.  He farther prays that the Prince of Orange may merit the love of the People over whom he is governor; and that God may give himself grace to support with patience the persecution he suffers, that it may be meritorious to him in the other world.

The Apology was sent to Holland as soon as published:  it incensed the States-General the more, as they could not give a reasonable answer to it.  The approbation it met with throughout Europe would not suffer them to remain silent; this would have confirmed all the disagreeable truths which the necessity of a just defence obliged Grotius to advance:  thus destitute of any good arguments, they had recourse to authority, and made themselves judges in their own cause.  They proscribed the Apology, and condemned it as slanderous, and tending to asperse by falshoods the sovereign