Rough Stone Monuments and Their Builders eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 129 pages of information about Rough Stone Monuments and Their Builders.

Rough Stone Monuments and Their Builders eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 129 pages of information about Rough Stone Monuments and Their Builders.

The still later type consisting of a rectangular chamber with a long corridor leading out of one of its long sides often attains to very imposing dimensions.  In Westgothland, a province of Sweden, there are fine examples with walls of limestone and often roofs of granite visible above the surface of the mound.  The largest of these tombs is that of Karleby near Falkoeping.  In another at Axevalla Heath were found nineteen bodies seated round the wall of the chamber, each in a separate small cist of stone slabs.  The position of the bodies in the Scandinavian graves is rather variable, both the outstretched and the contracted posture being used.  It is usual to find many bodies in the same tomb, often as many as twenty or thirty:  in that of Borreby on the island of Seeland were found seventy skeletons, all of children of from two to eighteen years of age.

In Denmark these rectangular tombs occasionally have one or more small round niches.  In 1837 a large tomb was excavated at Lundhoej on Juetland, which had a circular niche opposite to the entrance.  The niche had a threshold-stone, and the two uprights of the main chamber which lay on either side of this had been crudely engraved with designs, among which were a man, an animal, and a circle with a pair of diameters marked.  Little was found in the chamber, and only some bones and a pot in the niche.

In Denmark often occur mounds which contain two or more tombs, usually of the same form, each with its separate entrance passage.  At the entrance of the chamber there is sometimes a well-worked framework into which fitted a door of stone or wood.

The late type in which the corridor leads out of one of the narrow ends of the chamber is represented in both Sweden and Denmark.  From this may be derived the rather unusual types in which the corridor has become indistinguishable from the chamber or forms a sort of antechamber to it.  An example of the former type at Knyttkaerr in Sweden is wider at one end than at the other, and has an outer coating of stone slabs.  It resembles very closely the wedge-shaped tombs of Munster (cf.  Fig. 7): 

In Germany megalithic monuments are not infrequent, but they are practically confined to the northern part of the country.  They extend as far east as Koenigsberg and as far west as the borders of Holland.  They are very frequent in Holstein, Mecklenburg, and Hanover.  There are even examples in Prussian Saxony, but in South Germany they cease entirely.  Keller in one edition of his Lake Dwellings figures two supposed dolmens north of Lake Pfaeffikon in Switzerland, but we have no details with regard to them.

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Rough Stone Monuments and Their Builders from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.