more refined as intelligence fashions them and as emotions replace passions; but throughout the treading of the Path of Forthgoing, the “desire for fruit” is the necessary and blameless motive for exertion.  Without this, the man at this stage of evolution becomes lethargic and does not evolve.  Desire subserves Evolution, and it is Right.  The gratification of Desire may lead a man to do injury to others, and as soon as he has developed enough to understand this, then the gratification becomes wrong, because, forgetting the Unity, he has inflicted harm on one who shares life with him, and has thus hampered evolution.  The sense of Unity is the root-Love, the Uniter, and Love is the expression of the attraction of the separated towards union; out of Love, controlled by reason and by the desire for the happiness of all, grow all Virtues, which are but permanent, universal, specialised forms of love.  So also is the sense of Separateness the root-Hate, the Divider, the expression of the repulsion of the separated from each other.  Out of this grow all Vices, the permanent, universal, specialised forms of Hate.  That which Love does for the Beloved, that Virtue does for all who need its aid, so far as its power extends.  That which Hate wreaks on the Abhorred, that Vice does to all who obstruct its path, so far as its power extends.

“Virtues and Vices are fixed emotional states.  The Virtues are fixed Love-emotions, regulated and controlled by enlightened intelligence seeing the Unity; the Vices are fixed Hate-emotions, strengthened and intensified by the unenlightened intelligence, seeing the separateness.” (Universal Text Book, ii, 32.) It is obvious that virtues are constructive and vices destructive, for Love holds together, while Hate disintegrates.  Yet the modified form of Hate—­antagonism, competition—­had its part to play in the earlier stages of human evolution, developing strength, courage, and endurance, and while Love built up Nations within themselves, Hate made each strong against its competitor.  And within Nations, there has been conflict of classes, class and caste war, and all this modified and softened by a growing sense of a common good, until Competition, the characteristic of the Path of Forthgoing tends to change into Co-operation, the characteristic of the Path of Return.  The Path of Forthgoing must still be trodden by many, but the number is decreasing; more and more are turning towards the Path of Return.  Ideals are formulated by the leaders of Humanity, and the Ideals held up to-day are increasingly those of Love and of Service.  “During the first stage, man grasps at everything he desires and develops a strong individuality by conflict; in the second, he shares all he has, and yokes that individuality to service; ever-increasing separation is the key-note of the one; ever-increasing unity is the key-note of the other.  Hence we need not brand as evil the rough aggression and the fierce struggles of barbarous