autem sic responderem, illud in causa fuit, quod ex certo loco, unde quae Caesariani moliantur aucupari soleo exploratum certumque habebam Caesarianos illud ipsum quaerere et procurare.  Quem vero ad finem id quaerant pro certo exprimere non ausim.  Id certe totum vestrae prudentiae considerandum relinquo.  Et quamvis dixerim Pontifici, nihil me de eo scripturum, nolui tamen majestati vestrae hoc reticere; quae sciat omni me industria laborasse in iis quae nobis mandat exequendis et cum Anconitano qui me familiariter uti solet, omnia sum conatus.  De omnibus autem me ad communes literas rejicio.  Optime valeat vestra majestas.—­Romae die xviii.  Septembris, 1530.

Clarissimi vestrai Majestatis, Humillimus servus,

GREGORIUS CASSALIS,

—­LORD HERBERT, p. 140.

[397] State Papers, vol. vii. p. 394, etc.

[398] The obtaining the opinion in writing of the late Cardinal of Ancona, and submitting it to the emperor.  This minister, the most aged as well as the most influential member of the conclave, had latterly been supposed to be inclined to advise a conciliatory policy towards England; and his judgment was of so much weight that it was thought likely that the emperor would have been unable to resist the publication of it, if it was given against him.  At the critical moment of the Bologna interview this cardinal unfortunately died:  he had left his sentiments, however, in the hands of his nephew, the Cardinal of Ravenna, who, knowing the value of his legacy, was disposed to make a market of it.  It was a knavish piece of business.  The English ambassadors offered 3000 ducats; Charles bid them out of the field with a promise of church benefices to the extent of 6000 ducats; he did not know precisely the terms of the judgment, or even on which side it inclined, but in either case the purchase was of equal importance to him, either to produce it or to suppress it.  The French and English ambassadors then combined, and bid again with church benefices in the two countries, of equal value with those offered by Charles, with a promise of the next English bishopric which fell vacant, and the original 3000 ducats as an initiatory fee.  There was a difficulty in the transaction, for the cardinal would not part with the paper till he had received the ducats, and the ambassadors would not pay the ducats till they had possession of the paper.  The Italian, however, proved an overmatch for his antagonists.  He got his money, and the judgment was not produced after all.—­State Papers, vol. vii. pp. 397-8, 464.  BURNET, vol. iii. p. 108.

[399] Bennet to Henry VIII.:  State Papers, vol. vii. p. 402.

[400] Sir Gregory Cassalis to the King:  Rolls House M.S., endorsed by Henry, Litterae in Pontificis dicta declaratoriae quae maxime causam nostram probant.

[401] There was a tradition (it cannot be called more), that no Englishman could be compelled against his will to plead at a foreign tribunal.  “Ne Angli extra Angliam litigare cogantur.”