hand, without following righteousness without interruption, he acts sinfully, he reaps happiness at first as the reward of his righteousness and endures misery after that.  Endued with unrighteousness, the Jiva has to go to the dominions of Yama and suffering great misery there, he has to take birth in an intermediate order of being,[509] Listen to me as I tell thee what the different acts are by doing which the diva, stupefied by folly, has to take birth in different orders of being, as declared in the Vedas, the scriptures, and the (sacred) histories.  Mortals have to go to the frightful regions of Yama.  In those regions, O king, there are places that are fraught with every merit and that are worthy on that account of being the abodes of the very deities.  There are, again, places in those regions that are worse than those which are inhabited by animals and birds.  Indeed, there are spots of these kinds in the abode of Yama which (so far as its happier regions are concerned) is equal to the region of Brahman himself in merits.  Creatures, bound by their acts, endure diverse kinds of misery.  I shall, after this, tell thee what those acts and dispositions are in consequence of which a person obtains to an end that is fraught with great misery and terror.  If a regenerate person, having studied the four Vedas, becomes stupefied by folly and accepts a gift from a fallen man, he has then to take birth in the asinine order.  He has to live as an ass for five and ten years.  Casting off his asinine form, he has next to take birth as an ox, in which state he has to live for seven years.  Casting off his bovine form, he has next to take birth as a Rakshasa of regenerate order.  Living as Rakshasa of the regenerate order for three months, he then regains his status (in his next birth) of a Brahmana.[510] A Brahmana, by officiating at the sacrifice of a fallen person, has to take birth as a vile worm.  In this form he has to live for five and ten years, O Bharata.  Freed from the status of a worm, be next takes birth as an ass.  As an ass he has to live for five years, and then a hog, in which state also he has to remain for as many years.  After that, he takes birth as a cock, and living for five years in that form, he takes birth as a jackal and lives for as many years in that state.  He has next to take birth as a dog, and living thus for a year he regains his status of humanity.  That foolish disciple who offends his preceptor by doing any injury to him, has certainly to undergo three transformations in this world.  Such a person, O monarch, has in the first instance to become a dog.  He has then to become a beast of prey, and then an ass.  Living his asinine form, he has to wander for some time in great affliction as a spirit.  After the expiration of that period, he has to take birth as a Brahmana.  That sinful disciple who even in thought commits adultery with the wife of his preceptor, has in consequence of such a sinful heart, to undergo many fierce shapes in this world.