410.  Virtue prolongs life, and sin and wickedness always shorten it.  This is laid down almost everywhere in the Hindu scriptures.

411. i.e., if ex-casted for irreligious practices.

412.  The correct reading is Jatakilwishat.

413.  The sense, of course, is that such a man, when filled with fear, becomes unable to ward off his dangers and calamities.  Prudence requires that one should fear as long as the cause of fear is not at hand.  When, however, that cause has actually presented itself, one should put forth one’s courage.

414.  The hostility between Krishna and Sisupala was due to the first of these causes; that between the Kurus and the Pandavas to the second; that between Drona and Drupada to the third; that between the cat and the mouse to the fourth; and that between the bird and the king (in the present story) to the fifth.

415.  The sense seems to be that the act which has led to the hostility should be calmly considered by the enemy before he gives way to anger.

416.  If it is Time that does all acts, there can be no individual responsibility.

417. i.e., they are indifferent to other people’s sorrow.

418.  Honey-seekers direct their stops through hill and dale by marking intently the course of the flight of bees.  Hence they meet with frequent falls.

419.  Everything decays in course of time.  Vide the characteristics of the different Yugas, ante.

420. i.e., do any of these or all as occasion may require.

421.  The king should imitate the cuckoo by causing his own friends or subjects to be maintained by others; he should imitate the boar by tearing up his foes by their very roots; he should imitate the mountains of Meru by presenting such a front that nobody may transgress him he should imitate an empty chamber by keeping room enough for storing acquisitions he should imitate the actor by assuming different guises; and lastly, he should imitate devoted friend in attending to the interests of his loving subjects.

422.  The crane sits patiently by the water side for hours together in expectation of fish.

423. i.e., if he passes safely through the danger.

424.  The triple aggregate consists of Virtue, Wealth, and Pleasure.  The disadvantages all arise from an injudicious pursuit of each.  Virtue stands as an impediment in the way of Wealth; Wealth stands in the way of Virtue; and Pleasure stands in the way of both.  The inseparable adjuncts of the three, in the case of the vulgar, are that Virtue is practised as a Means of Wealth, Wealth is sought as a means of Pleasure; and Pleasure is sought for gratifying the senses.  In the case of the truly wise, those adjuncts are purity of the soul as the end of virtue, performance of sacrifices as the end of Wealth; and upholding of the body as the end of Pleasure.

425.  Literally, ’preservation of what has been got, and acquisition of what is desired.’