them.  A king that protects is a sharer in the merits of his subjects.  Thou art not a sharer in their merits.  In days of yore, when the eternal religion was reverenced in all countries, the Grandsire, observing the practices of the country of the five rivers, cried fie on them.  When even in the krita age, Brahman had censured the practices of those fallen people of evil deeds who were begotten by Shudras on others’ wives, what would you now say to men in the world?  Even thus did the Grandsire condemn the practices of the country of the five waters.  When all people were observant of the duties of their respective orders, the Grandsire had to find fault with these men.  Thou shouldst know all this, O Shalya.  I shall, however, again speak to thee.  A Rakshasa of the name of Kalmashapada, while plunging in a tank, said, ’Eleemosynation is a kshatriya’s dirt, while the non-observance of vows is a brahmana’s dirt.  The Vahikas are the dirt of the Earth, and the Madra women are the dirt of the whole female sex.  While sinking in the stream, a king rescued the Rakshasa.  Asked by the former, the latter gave this answer.  I will recite it to you.  Listen to me.  ’The mlecchas are the dirt of mankind:  the oilmen are the dirt of the Mlecchas; eunuchs are the dirt of oilmen; they who avail of the priestly ministrations of Kshatriyas, in their sacrifices, are the dirt of eunuchs.  The sin of those again that have the last-named persons for their priests, of also of the Madrakas, shall be thine if thou do not abandon me.’  Even this was declared by the Rakshasa to be the formula that should be used for curing a person possessed by a Rakshasa or one killed by the energy of a poison.  The words that follow are all very true.  The Pancalas observe the duties enjoined in the Vedas; the Kauravas observe truth; the Matsyas and the Surasenas perform sacrifices, the Easterners follow the practices of the Shudras; the Southerners are fallen; the Vahikas are thieves; the Saurashtras are bastards.  They that are defiled by ingratitude, theft, drunkenness, adultery with the wives of their preceptors, harshness of speech, slaughter of kine, lustful wanderings during the night out of home, and the wearing of other people’s ornaments,—­what sin is there that they do not incur?  Fie on the Arattas and the people of the country of the five rivers!  Commencing with the Pancalas, the Kauravas, the Naimishas, the Matsyas,—­all these,—­know what religion is.  The old men among the Northerners, the Angas, the Magadhas, (without themselves knowing what virtue is) follow the practices of the pious.  Many gods, headed by Agni, dwell in the East.  The pitris dwell in the South that is presided over by Yama of righteous deeds.  The West is protected by the mighty Varuna who overlooks the other gods there.  The north is protected by the divine Soma along with the Brahmanas.  So Rakshasas and Pishacas protect the Himavat, the best of mountains.  The Guhyakas, O great king, protect the mountains of Gandhamadana.  Without