has been indicated more clearly in the Upanishads by those who have an insight into the Vedas, can be realised by gradually following the practices referred to above.[889] Unto a person who thinks he has a body, this consciousness of duality, fraught again with that of pairs of opposites, is born only of acts in which he is engaged. (That consciousness of duality ceases during dreamless slumber or when Emancipation has been attained).  That person, however, who has attained to Emancipation, aided by his knowledge, forcibly drives off that consciousness of duality.  Two Brahmas should be known, viz., the Brahma represented by sound (i.e., the Vedas), and secondly that which is beyond the Vedas and is supreme.  One that is conversant with Brahma represented by sound succeeds in attaining to Brahma that is Supreme.  The slaughter of animals is the sacrifice laid down for the Kshatriyas.  The growing of corn is the sacrifice laid down for the Vaisyas.  Serving the three other orders is the sacrifice laid down for the Sudras.  Penances (or worship of Brahma) is the sacrifice laid down for the Brahmanas.  In the Krita age the performance of sacrifices was not necessary.  Such performance became necessary in the Treta age.  In the Dwapara, sacrifices have begun to fall off.  In the Kali, the same is the case with them.  In Krita age, men, worshipping only one Brahma, looked upon the Richs, the Samans, the Yajuses and the rites and sacrifices that are performed from motives of advantage, as all different from the object of their worship, and practised only Yoga, by means of penances.  In the Treta age, many mighty men appeared that swayed all mobile and immobile objects. (Though the generality of men in that age were not naturally inclined to the practice of righteousness, yet those great leaders forced them to such practice.) Accordingly, in that age, the Vedas, and sacrifices and the distinctions between the several orders, and the four modes of life, existed in a compact state.  In consequence, however, of the decrease in the period of life in Dwapara, all these, in that age, fall off from that compact condition.  In the Kali age, all the Vedas become so scarce that they may not be even seen by men.  Afflicted by iniquity, they suffer extermination along with the rites and sacrifices laid down in them.  The righteousness which is seen in the Krita age is now visible in such Brahmanas as are of cleansed souls and as are devoted to penances and the study of the scriptures.  As regards the other yugas, it is seen that without at once giving up the duties and acts that are consistent with righteousness, men, observant of the practices of their respective orders, and conversant with the ordinance of the Vedas are led by the authority of the scriptures, to betake themselves from motives of advantage and interest to sacrifices and vows and pilgrimages to sacred waters and spots.[890] As in the season of rains a large variety of new objects of the immobile order are caused to