The Despotisms, 42, 76;
    their justification, 83;
    idea of liberty, 78;
    republican freedom unknown, 91;
    policy commercial, 85;
    taxation, 86;
    diplomacy substituted for warfare, 87;
    illegitimacy, 102;
    good government, 103;
    bad effect of their example, 104;
    courts, 106, 186;
    varieties of despotisms, 109;
    claims of despots due to force, not rank, 116;
    their democratic character, 117;
    uncertainty of tenure of power, 117, 129;
    domestic crime, 119;
    murders, 120;
    tastes and pursuits, 126;
    degeneracy of their houses, 126, 151;
    bad effects of rule, 130;
    centralizing tendencies, 131;
    cruelty, 151;
    absence of all morality, 168.

  Society.  Why Italy took the lead in the Renaissance, 5;
    Italians gentle and humane, 478;
    not gluttons, 479;
    personal originality not discouraged, 488;
    Italy originates type of gentleman, 192;
    courtiers, idea of nobility, 186;
    community of interest with that of Roman Church, 470;
    immorality not great relatively, 487;
    superiority to their contemporaries, 489;
    purity of their art shows that heart of the people was not
        vitiated, 488;
    commercial integrity, 474;
    demoralization of society, 472;
    immorality came from above, 489;
    commonness of crime, 170, 480;
    exceptions to rule, 183;
    murders, 480;
    deficiency in sense of honor, 481;
    chastity in women, 486;
    unnatural passions, 477;
    charms of illicit love, 476;
    immoral literature, 475. 
      Literature, early, 53.

J

Jews, expulsion from Spain, 400. 
Julia, daughter of Claudius, 22, 23. 
Julius II., 389, 406, 432 seq.

L

Lecce, Roberto da, 614. 
Leo X., 435, 630. 
Libraries of Renaissance, 21. 
Locke, J., 26. 
Lombards, 48 seq. 
London, mediaeval, 137. 
Louis XII., 339. 
Luini, works, 489. 
Lungo, del, cited, 273. 
Luther, 26, 442, 454, 530.

M

Macaulay on the despots, 127, 320. 
Machiavelli, 232, 278, 308 seq.;
  property, 309;
  education, 310;
  political career, 311;
  cringing character, 317;
  intercourse with Cesare Borgia, 347;
  compared with Savonarola, 368;
  last years, 328;
  death, 333. 
    Works, 76, 169, 203, 249, 332, 369, 457, 494;
      military system, 312;
      Art of War, 328;
      History, 331;
      The Prince, 319;
      object in writing it, 321;
      appeal to the Medici, 366;
      apology for the author, 367;
      morality of the work, 324-6;
      author’s sincerity, 333;