[653] For full discussion, see Roscher, National-Oekonomik des Handels und Gewerbefleisses.  Stuttgart, 1889.

[654] Rambaud, History of Russia, Vol.  I, pp. 24-28.  Boston, 1886.

[655] A.B.  Hulbert, Historic Highways of America, Vol.  VII, Portage Paths, pp. 182-183, 187-188.  Cleveland, 1903.

[656] Herodotus, Book I, 194.  A.H.  Layard, Nineveh and Its Remains, Vol.  II, pp. 79-81.  New York, 1849.

[657] Charles W. Hawes, The Uttermost East, p. 60.  New York, 1904.

[658] Transportation by Water in 1906, Table 30, p. 181.  Report of Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, 1908.

[659] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, p. 277.  London, 1904.

[660] E.A.  Freeman, Historical Geography of Europe, p. 466.  London. 1882.

[661] J. Ellis Barker, Modern Germany, pp. 68-85.  London, 1907.

[662] Heinrich von Treitschke, Politik, Vol.  I, p. 218.  Leipzig, 1897.

[663] E.A.  Freeman, Historical Geography of Europe, p. 466.  London, 1882.

[664] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, p. 511.  London, 1904.

[665] J. Partsch, Central Europe, p. 318.  London, 1903.

[666] Ratzel, Politische Geographie, pp. 739-740.  Munich, 1903.

[667] Annual Register for 1901, p. 358.  New Series, London and New York, 1902.

[668] H.R.  Mill, International Geography, p. 958.  New York, 1902.

[669] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol.  III, p. 473.  London, 1896-1898.

[670] H.R.  Mill, International Geography, p. 406.  New York, 1902.

[671] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, map p. 312.  London, 1904.

[672] Blanqui, History of Political Economy, pp. 273, 277, 296.  New York, 1880.

[673] Albert Gallatin, American State Papers, Misc.  Doc., Vol.  I, No. 250.  Washington, 1834.

[674] Roscher, National-Oekonomik des Handels und Gewerbefleisses, pp. 449, 453-454.  Stuttgart, 1889.

[675] H.R.  Mill, International Geography, pp. 530-531.  New York, 1902.

[676] G.G.  Chisholm, Commercial Geography, pp. 310, 312.  London, 1904.

[677] J. Partsch, Central Europe, p. 314.  London, 1903.

[678] Statesman’s Yearbook for 1907.

[679] Henry Norman, All the Russias, pp. 254-255, 285-292.  New York, 1902.

[680] E.C.  Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, pp. 251-255.  Boston, 1903.

[681] E.F.  Knight, Where Three Empires Meet, p. 6.  London, 1897.

[682] Strabo, Book IV, chap.  VI, 7.

[683] Alexis Krausse, Russia in Asia, pp. 361-362.  New York, 1899.

[684] Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan, pp. 137-141.  New York and London, 1906.  Henry Norman, All the Russias, pp. 276-277.  New York, 1902.

[685] Bella Gallico, Book IV, chap.  IV.

[686] Ibid., Book I, chap.  XXXI; Book II, chap.  III; Book IV, chap.  I.