[Footnote 660:  Called Citta in the Yoga philosophy.]

[Footnote 661:  See Tylor, Primitive Culture, vol.  II. pp. 410 ff.  Savages often supplement fasting by the use of drugs and the Yoga Sutras (IV. 1) mention that supernatural powers can be obtained by the use of herbs.]

[Footnote 662:  Klesa:  Kilesa in Pali.]

[Footnote 663:  The practices systematized in the Yoga Sutras are mentioned even in the older Upanishads such as the Maitrayana, Svetasvatara and Chandogya.]

[Footnote 664:  An extreme development of the idea that physical processes can produce spiritual results is found in Rasesvara Darsana or the Mercurial System described in the Sarva-Darsana-Sangraha chap.  IX. Marco Polo (Yule’s Edition, vol.  II. pp. 365, 369) had also heard of it.]

[Footnote 665:  It seems to me analogous to the introversion of European mystics.  See Underhill, Mysticism, chaps, VI. and VII.]

[Footnote 666:  Jhana in Pali.]

[Footnote 667:  Samprajnata and Asamprajnata, called also sa- and nirbija, with and without seed.]

[Footnote 668:  Savitarka and Savicara, in which there is investigation concerned with gross and subtle objects respectively:  Sananda, in which there is a feeling of joy:  Sasmita, in which there is only self-consciousness.  The corresponding stages in Buddhism are described as phases of Jhana not of Samadhi.]

[Footnote 669:  It is not easy to translate. Megha is cloud and dharma may be rendered by righteousness but has many other meanings.  For the metaphor of the cloud compare the title of the English mystical treatise The Cloud of Unknowing.]

[Footnote 670:  Siddhi, vibhuti, aisvarya.  A belief in these powers is found even in the Rig Veda where it is said (X. 136) that munis can fly through the air and associate with gods.]

[Footnote 671:  So too European mystics “are all but unanimous in their refusal to attribute importance to any kind of visionary experience” (Underhill, Mysticism, p. 335).  St John of the Cross, Madame Guyon and Walter Hilton are cited as severe critics of such experience.]

[Footnote 672:  Cf.  Underbill’s remarks about contemplation (Mysticism, p. 394).  “Its results feed every aspect of the personality:  minister to its instinct for the Good, the Beautiful and the True.  Psychologically it is an induced state in which the field of consciousness is greatly contracted:  the whole of the self, its conative power, being sharply focussed, concentrated upon one thing.  We pour ourselvea out or, as it sometimes seems to us, in towards this overpowering interest:  seem to ourselves to reach it and be merged with it.  Whatever the thing may be, in this act we know it, as we cannot know it by any ordinary devices of thought.”]

[Footnote 673:  See instances quoted in W. James, Varieties of Religious Experience, pp. 251-3.]