the Western Highlands; and within the last hundred years, owing to frequent migrations, has mixed so thoroughly with the Anglo-Saxon stock that the English are becoming darker in each generation.  This is not the result of a racial decay of the blonds, as the American, Dr. Charles Woodruff, supposes, but is to be accounted for by the fact that dark eyes seem to be a Mendelian dominant, and dark hair a more potent character than light.  The inhabitants of these islands are nearly all long-headed, this being a characteristic of both the Nordic and Mediterranean races.  The round-headed invaders, who perhaps brought with them the so-called Celtic languages at a remote period, and imposed them upon the inhabitants, seem to have left no other mark upon the population, though their type of head is prevalent over a great part of France.

The ability of races to flourish in climates other than their own is a question of supreme importance to historians and statesmen, and, it need not be said, to emigrants.  But it is only lately that it has been studied scientifically, and the results are still tentative.  German ethnologists, of what we may call the aedicephalous school, already referred to, regard it as one of the tragedies of nature that the noble Nordic race, to which they think they belong, dies out when it penetrates southwards.  In accordance with this law, the yellow-haired Achaeans decayed in Greece, the Lombards in North Italy, the Vandals in Spain and Africa.  After a few generations of life in a warm climate the Aryan stock invariably disappears.  We shall show reasons for thinking that this theory is much exaggerated; but there is undoubtedly some truth in it.  It has been found to be impossible for white men to colonise India, Burma, tropical America, and West Africa.  It has been said that ‘there is in India no third generation of pure English blood.’  It is notoriously difficult to bring up even one generation of white children in India.  The French cannot maintain themselves without race admixture in Martinique and Guadaloupe, nor the Dutch in Java, though it is said that the expectation of life for a European in Java is as good as in his own country.  It seems to be also true that the blond race suffers most in a hot climate.  In the Philippines it was observed that the fair-haired soldiers in the American army succumbed most readily to disease.  In Queensland the Italian colonists are said to stand the heat better than the English, and Mr. Roosevelt, among other items of good advice which he bestowed so liberally on the European nations, advised us to populate the torrid parts of Australia with immigrants from the Latin races.  In Natal the English families who are settled in the country are said to be enervated by the climate; and on the high plateaux of the interior our countrymen find it necessary to pay periodical visits to the coast, to be unbraced.  The early deaths and not infrequent suicides of Rand magnates may indicate that