on ‘Anglican Difficulties,’ in which he ridiculed the Church of his earlier vows with all the refined cruelty of which he was a master.  But he was soon in trouble again.  One Dr. Giacinto Achilli, formerly a Dominican friar, gave lectures in London upon the scandals of the Roman Inquisition, which had imprisoned him for attacking the Catholic faith and fomenting sedition.  The temper of the British public at this time made it ready to believe anything to the discredit of the Roman Church, and Achilli became a popular hero.  Wiseman published a libellous article upon him in the Dublin Review, which passed unnoticed.  But when Newman repeated the charges of profligacy in a public lecture, Achilli brought an action for libel, which in costs and expenses cost Newman L12,000.  The money however was paid, and much more than paid, by his co-religionists.  This trial was quickly followed by the inauguration of a scheme for founding a Catholic University in Ireland, the avowed object of which was to withdraw young Catholics from the liberalising influences of mixed education.  This scheme was sure to appeal strongly to Newman.  Liberalism had come in with a rush at Oxford, after the dissipation of the ‘long nightmare’ (as Mark Pattison calls it) while the University was dominated by religious medievalism.  The Oxford of Newman had become the Oxford of Jowett.  The ablest of Newman’s young friends and disciples, such as Mark Pattison and J.A.  Froude, were now in the opposite camp, full of anger and disgust at the seductive influences from which they had just escaped.  Newman, as might be expected, was anxious to protect Catholic students from similar dangers, and accepted the post of Rector of the proposed Catholic University.  He intended it to provide ’philosophical defences of Catholicity and Revelation, and create a Catholic literature.’  The lectures in which he expounded his ideals at Dublin were a great success, and he returned to England full of hope.  With a curious inability to read the character of one who was to be his worst enemy, he offered Manning the post of Vice-Rector.  Manning’s refusal was followed by his failure to obtain the support of Ward, Henry Wilberforce, and others; and Catholic opinion in Ireland was much divided.  For three or four years Newman was engaged in ineffectual efforts to push his scheme forward.  At last, in 1855, he was installed as Rector, and began his work at Dublin.  A fine church was built at St. Stephen’s Green with the surplus of the Achilli subscriptions, and Newman produced some excellent literary work in the form of University lectures and sermons.  But the whole movement was viewed with distrust by the Irish ecclesiastics, who, as he said in a moment of impatience, ’regard any intellectual man as being on the road to perdition.’  There was a cloud over his work from first to last.  He had been promised a bishopric, without which he was made to feel himself in an inferior position by the Irish prelates; but the promise was not fulfilled.  The Irish objected to one or two English professors on his staff, because they were English.  Dr. Cullen, the ruling spirit in the Irish hierarchy, was a narrow conservative, who wished to use Newman merely as an instrument against progressive tendencies in Church and State.  In 1857 he resigned an impossible task, and returned to Birmingham.