Of course, if the doctrine merely means that men are the victims of circumstances and surroundings, it is a truism.  It is luckier to be born heir to a peerage and L100,000 than to be born in Whitechapel.  Past and present Chancellors of the Exchequer have gone far in removing much of this discrepancy in fortune.  Again, a disaster which destroys a single individual may alter the whole course of a survivor’s career.  But the devotees of the Goddess of Luck do not mean this at all.  They hold that some men are born lucky and others unlucky, as though some Fortune presided at their birth; and that, irrespective of all merits, success goes to those on whom Fortune smiles and defeat to those on whom she frowns.  Or at least luck is regarded as a kind of attribute of a man like a capacity for arithmetic or games.

This view is in essence the belief of the true gambler—­not the man who backs his skill at cards, or his knowledge of racing against his rival—­but who goes to the tables at Monte Carlo backing runs of good or ill luck.  It has been defined as a belief in the imagined tendencies of chance to produce events continuously favourable or continuously unfavourable.

The whole conception is a nightmare of the mind, peculiarly unfavourable to success in business.  The laws of games of chance are as inexorable as those of the universe.  A skilful player will, in the long run, defeat a less skilful one; the bank at Monte Carlo will always beat the individual if he stays long enough.  I presume that the bank there is managed honestly, although I neither know nor care whether it is.  But this at least is certain—­the cagnotte gains 3 per cent. on every spin.  Mathematically, a man is bound to lose the capital he invests in every thirty throws when his luck is neither good nor bad.  In the long run his luck will leave him with a balanced book—­minus the cagnotte.  My advice to any man would be, “Never play roulette at all; but if you must play, hold the cagnotte.”

The Press, of course, often publishes stories of great fortunes made at Monte Carlo.  The proprietors there understand publicity.  Such statements bring them new patrons.

It is necessary to dwell on this gambling side of the question, because every man who believes in luck has a touch of the gambler in him, though he may never have played a stake.  And from the point of view of real success in affairs the gambler is doomed in advance.  It is a frame of mind which a man should discourage severely when he finds it within the citadel of his mind.  It is a view which too frequently infects young men with more ambition than industry.

The view of Fortune as some shining goddess sweeping down from heaven and touching the lucky recipient with her pinions of gold dazzles the mind of youth.  Men think that with a single stroke they will either be made rich for life or impoverished for ever.