and practical view, well knowing that the sufferings of many millions of poor and rich natives, especially in the jungle districts, are yearly very great, and the mortality quite enormous from remittent and intermittent fevers, by far the greater part of which would be immensely relieved, or wholly cured, by the free use of cinchona bark.

    If by abundance the price be once brought within the poor native’s
    reach, he will readily take to it, having no objection whatever on
    account of caste to anything of the nature of the bark of a tree.

    If the cinchona tree were once growing in abundance, quinine could
    be easily prepared in India, from the facility of procuring, and
    cheapness of spirits of wine used in the process of its elimination.

I take it that every hundred Sepahees sick of fevers remaining in hospital off duty for thirty days, drawing an average pay of eight rupees each, form a full monthly loss to Government of eight hundred rupees; while a free use of quinine and bark would cure them in ten days on the average, costing at present about forty rupees; thus by the twenty days’ services gained, Government would save nearly five hundred rupees.

    But the cinchona tree once glowing abundantly, quinine would of
    course become infinitely cheaper.

    Under a proper system of culture, quill bark only need be taken
    without destroying the trees, and an earlier return be obtained.

    There never yet has been a substitute found for cinchona bark and
    its salts, as an antiperiodic and tonic.

    It yet remains for some one to find an equally efficacious
    substitute, and thus make a fortune.  In the mean time the importance
    of the cinchona is paramount.

    The cinchona tree, like the pimento, deteriorates under cultivation,
    and in moist, warm, rich valleys the bark becomes inert.  The best
    bark is from trees growing on mountain tops or steep declivities.

    From the full accounts of Condamine, Mutis, and Humboldt, a soil and
    climate like that of the north west sub-Himalayan range is admirably
    adapted to the planting and prospering of cinchona trees.

In Lord W. Bentinck’s time, before there were steamers in or to India, seeing the immense benefit to be derived, I sent in a proposition to procure young cinchona plants from Vera Cruz, begging to be then permitted to proceed there on that account, and my proposition was civilly and even favorably received; but these were not the days to act on it.

Of about the twenty species of cinchona trees the following would of course be the best to bring—­the Cinchona bineifolia, the cinchona cordifolia, the cinchona oblongifolia, the cinchona micrantha, and the cinchona condaminea.

The Calumba plant (Cocculus palmatus, Decandolle,