KINO.—­The Kino, of Botany Bay and Van Diemen’s Land, is the produce of the iron bark tree, Eucalyptus resinifera.  White ("Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales"), says this tree sometimes yields, on incision, 60 gallons of juice.  Kino is imported in boxes.  The tincture of kino is used medicinally, but an inconvenience is frequently found to arise, from its changing to the gelatinous form.  Dr. Pereira seems to think this species of kino consists principally of pectin and tannic acid.  That chiefly used as East Indian kino, is an extract formed by inspissating a decoction of the branches and twigs of the gambler plant.  Vauquelin analysed it, and found it to consist of, tannin and peculiar extractive matter, 75; red gum, 24; insoluble matter, 1.

The East Indian kino, imported from Bombay and Tellicherry, is the produce of Pterocarpus marsupium, a lofty, broad-spreading forest tree, which blossoms in October and November.  The bark is of a greyish color, and is upwards of half an inch in thickness on the trunk.  When cut, a blood-red juice speedily exudes and trickles down; it soon thickens, and becomes hard in the course of fifteen or sixteen hours.  The gum is extracted in the season when the tree is in blossom, by making longitudinal incisions in the bark round the trunk, so as to let the gum ooze down a broad leaf, placed as a spout, into a receiver.  When the receiver is filled it is removed.  The gum is dried in the sun until it crumbles, and then filled in wooden boxes for exportation.

P. erinaceus, a tree 40 to 50 feet in height, a native of the woods of the Gambia and Senegal, furnishes kino, but none is collected in or exported from Africa. Butea frondosa, or the dhak tree of the East Indies, furnishes a similar product, in the shape of a milky, colored, brittle, and very astringent gum.  Kino is used as a powerful astringent, and is administered in the form of powder and tincture.  Some specimens of Butea kino, analysed by Prof.  Solly, after the impurities had been separated, yielded 731/4 per cent. of tannin.

VALONIA is the commercial name of the cupula or cup of the acorn, produced by the Quercus aegilops and its varieties, the Balonia or Valonia oak, natives of the Levant, from whence, and the Morea, they form a very considerable article of export; containing abundance of tannin they are largely used by tanners.  The tannin differs materially from that of nutgalls.  The bark of Q. tinctorea, a native of North America, yields a yellow dye.

The quantity of valonia imported for home consumption, in 1836, was 80,511 cwts., of which Turkey furnished 58,724 cwts., and Italy and the Ionian islands 7,209 cwts.  Of 163,983 cwts. imported in 1840, 143,095 cwts. were brought from Turkey, 15,195 cwts. from Italy, and the residue from Greece and the Ionian Islands.  The entries for home consumption in the three years ending with 1842, amounted to about 8,200 tons a year.  The increase since has been considerable, the imports having been, in 1848, 10,237 tons; in 1849, 16,671 tons; in 1850, 12,526 tons; in 1851, 10,639 tons; in 1852, 13,870 tons.  We receive about 14,000 to 20,000 cwts. annually from Leghorn.  The imports into the port of Hull are 3,900 cwts. per year.