4,332
Fustic 9,808 1,771
Nicaragua 7,909 112
Barwood 1,896 1,229
Sappan 3,670 —­
Green Ebony, and }
Cocuswood } 1,457 —­
Red Sanders 656 —­
Camwood 416 —­
Brazil and Brazillito 309 —­

          
                                                          ------ -----

                                  59,051 7,444

Thus we perceive the annual consumption of heavy dyewoods in this country, in dyeing cotton, linen, woollen and silk goods, &c., exceeds in weight 51,000 tons.

ARNOTTO.—­The plants of this family are chiefly natives of the warmest parts of South America, the East and West Indies, and Africa.  In America the seeds are called achote or roucou.  From the port of Barcelona, in Venezuela, about 2,000 quintals are annually exported.  The species grown for its dye is the Bixa orellana.  It is used to impart a bright orange color to silk goods, and to afford a deeper shade to simple yellows.  The dry hard paste is also found to be the best of all ingredients for giving a golden tint to cheese or butter.  A convenient liquid preparation is now sold to dairymen.  The Spanish Americans mix it with their chocolate, to which it gives a beautiful rich hue.

It is of two sorts, viz.:—­

1.  Flag or cake arnotto, which is by far the most important article in a commercial point of view, is furnished almost wholly by Cayenne.  It is imported in square cakes, weighing two or three pounds each, wrapped in banana leaves, packed in casks.

2.  Roll arnotto is principally brought from Brazil.  The rolls are small, not exceeding two or three ounces in weight.  It is hard, dry, and compact, brownish on the outside, and of a beautiful red color within.

The dye is usually prepared by macerating the pods in boiling water for a week or longer.  When they begin to ferment, the seeds ought to be strongly stirred and bruised with wooden pestles to promote the separation of the red skins.  This process is repeated several times, till the seeds are left white.  The liquor passed through close cane sieves, pretty thick, of a deep red color, and a very bad smell, is received into coppers.  In boiling, it throws up its coloring matter to the surface in the form of scum, which is taken off, saved in large pans, and afterwards boiled down to a due consistence, and then made up, when soft, into balls or cakes of two or three pounds weight.

The following description of the manufacture is from Dr. Ure:—­