Of which there are vacuum pans| 8 | 21 | 3 | 9 Steam-engines | 19 | 40 | 12 | 20 Horse-power | 210 | 457 | 153 | 267 Cattle mills | 19 | 9 | 4 | 2 Cattle employed | 79 | 38 | 19 | 12 | | | | | Cwt. | Cwt. | Cwt. | Cwt.  Quantity of beet-root used} | | | | for manufacture } |2,349,774|3,387,280|1,433,293|1,889,463 Or on an average in each} | | | | manufactory } | 58,744| 86,853| 95,553| 125,964 ------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
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The increase of power by machinery is surprising, chiefly by steam and hydraulic presses, which has not only effected a greater produce, but likewise a much larger increase of the quantity of beet-root required for manufacture.  The works where draught cattle are employed have decreased, and are only in use where the manufacture of beet root sugar is combined with a farm.

In Russia, in 1832, there existed only 20 manufacturers of beet root sugar, but this number subsequently increased to 100, and they annually produced the twelfth of the total quantity of sugar which Russia receives from foreign parts.  The number of those manufactories in 1840, was 140, and the importation of sugar, which reached to 1,555,357 lbs. in 1837, amounted to only 1,269,209 lbs. in 1839.  The production of indigenous sugar is now set down at 35,000 tons.

In France, for many years past, the production of beet-root sugar has been rapidly increasing, in spite of a gradual reduction of the protection which it enjoyed against colonial and foreign sugar, until it has reached a quantity of 60,000 tons, or fully one half of the entire consumption.  Independent of the refined sugar exported under drawback, the consumption of France may be now estimated at 120,000 tons, of which 60,000 tons are of beet-root, 60,000 tons of French colonial, and 10,000 tons at the outside of foreign sugar.  The beet-root and the French colonial sugars are now placed on the same footing as regards duty, and a law was recently passed, subjecting beet-root sugar, from the 1st of January, 1852, to even a higher duty than French colonial sugar.  Nevertheless, it is admitted that the manufacture of beet-root sugar is highly profitable and rapidly increasing, so that it is likely in a very short time to exclude foreign sugar from French consumption altogether.

In Belgium, the production of beet-root sugar is also rapidly increasing; in 1851 the entire consumption of sugar was estimated at 14,000 tons, of which 7,000 tons were of beet-root, and 7,000 tons of foreign cane sugar.  The number of beet-root factories to supply that quantity was twenty-two, but this number has, already increased in the present year to forty.  Many of these will be but