tea beds to three feet in breadth.  This is particularly requisite in land so constituted as that of the Deyrah Dhoon, it being so porous, as mentioned by Major Cautley in his “Notes and Memoranda of Watercourses.”  This is caused by the superincumbent soil not being more than from one to three feet thick, in some places more, but varying exceedingly.  Beneath this there is a bed of shingle of vast thickness, through which the water percolates; it is this that renders the sinking of wells so difficult in the Deyrah Dhoon, and which has tended so much to retard individuals from becoming permanent residents; at present there are many tracts of several thousand acres in that valley unoccupied from want of drinking water, as for instance, at Innesphaeel.

    Where the ground is very uneven, as is the case generally in the
    hills, the khaul system, already recommended, ought to be adopted.

On the tea-plant; season of flowering, its characters and species, and on the advantages to be derived from importing seeds from China.—­From the importance of tea, as an article of commerce, the plant has attracted much attention; and from few qualified Europeans having travelled in the tea districts of China, there is much difference of opinion as to the number of species belonging to the genus Thea.

In the government plantations in Kumaon and Gurwahl, the plants begin to flower about the end of August and beginning of September, or, as the seeds of the former year begin to ripen.  They do not all come into flower at once, but some are in full blossom in September, others in October, November, December and January.  Some throw out a second set of blossoms in March, April, and May, and during the rains; so that from the same plant unripe or ripe seeds and flowers may be collected at one and the same time.

To the genus Thea, which belongs to the order Ternstraemiaceae, the following characters have been ascribed:  calyx persistent, without bracts, five-leaved, leaflets imbricated and generally of the same size.  Petals of the corolla vary in number from five to nine, imbricated, the inner ones much the largest.  Stamens numerous, in several rows adhering to the bottom of the petals.  Filaments filiform.  Anthers incumbent, two-celled, oblong, with a thickish connectivum.  Cells opening longitudinally.  Ovary free, three-celled; ovules four in each cell, inserted internally into the central angle, the upper ones ascending, the lower pendulous.  Style trifid, stigmas three, acute.  Capsule spheroidal, 1-7-lobed with loculicidal dehiscence, or with dessepiments formed from the turned-in edges of the valves.  Seeds solitary, or two in cells, shell-like testa, marked with the ventral umbilicus.  Cotyledons thick, fleshy, oily, no albumen.  Radicle very short, very near the umbilicus centripetal.  In the plantations there are two species, and two well marked varieties.