At Koti-Ashruf Salix angustissima is found, and on it Cuscuta gigantea; on to-day’s march Hippophae, but this is found also at Maidan:  Merops was heard at Koti-Ashruf.  In the spring of Sir-i-Chushme, a Typhoid plant occurs in profusion, Veronicae 2, alta et repens rotundifolia, Nasturtium aquatica, Scrophularia of Julraize, Juncus, Triglochin, and Plantago of the green sward, everywhere between 6,000 and 11,000 feet.

Trees end at the foot of Oonnye.

30th.—­Girdun Dewar.  Salvia swarms up the ascent and on the descent, but less so than before, and on the Yonutt platform it is almost absent; Cnicus also in profusion both up and down, and on the platform Festuca triticoides begins about half-way up; Statice are common over the whole pass.  Caragana in the grassy swardy ravines.  On the highest point Astragalus arbuscula, the fields studded with yellow buttons of tansy, and white flowers of Stellaria; Arabidea glauca siliculosa, also common; this is rare on the west side of Hindoo-koosh, as is also Stellaria.  Tansy continues in some places.

31st.—­To Kurzar.  Proceeded up the Siah-Sung; along the river, green sward with patches of Caragana, Campanula, and Geraniums occurred in profusion in some places.  Salvia not uncommon; at the first part, or perhaps for three miles from camp a large Hingoid is common, smaller and whiter than the species so common on the lower hills, and which is the large-leaved species of Quettah and the Kojhuk pass.  Potamogeton cylindrifolia common; Senecionoides.

On the stony part, or beyond Siah-Sung, when one leaves the bed of the river, Astragali two or three species, Salvia, and Blitum.  Two sorts of fish are found in the river, and perhaps a third in the black hammer-headed Silurus. {481} Of the two caught, one is an Oreinus, but passing close into Barbus.  Beneath the glandular line, white, above fuscous-brownish, with irregular black spots, fins fusco-reddish.

The other is a loach, Cobitis propria, shape shark-like, colour yellowish-brown, almost tawny, sides irregularly spotted with brownish-black spots, arranged on the back in broad irregular, generally complete bands.  Head not banded, fins tawny, with oblong black spots, eyes prominent, irides reddish-orange:  this is a very abundant species.

Poplar trees, (P. lombardensis):  these from being planted close, grow together, the union generally taking place near the base.  I have not seen a section of the wood.

August 2nd.—­Kaloo.  So far as I can judge, the flora of this side of the pass does not differ, but in a few unimportant instances from that of the Kurzar side.  The summit however has a much colder climate, probably from being exposed on the Kurzar side to an extremely cold and piercing wind from the Kohi-Baba range.  Cnici 2, and Festuca triticoides are the most common plants, with Arenaria fruticosa, Composita No. 152, Asphodelus of Erak now