a fine view of the valley is obtained; it is here very narrow, and does not I should think exceed 25 miles in breadth.  The features of the country are in a striking degree similar to those of Upper Assam, that is, it presents a plain surface intersected frequently by belts of jungle, the parts at the base of the boundary hills being exclusively occupied by heavy jungle.  The general elevation of the plain above the sea may be estimated at about 1000 feet, so that it is several hundred feet above the level of Sadiya.  But although this is the case, the valley of Hookhoom undergoes the same changes during the rainy season as Assam, the greater part being during that period under water.

Of the Climate it is perhaps presumptuous to give any opinion; it is however by no means so cold as that of Upper Assam.  In April the daily range of the thermometer was very considerable, from 60 degrees to 88 degrees.  The rains set in later than on the northern side of the Patkaye, and they are said to be much less severe.

The rivers are numerous, the principal one is the Namtunai, {125} which subsequently assumes the name of Kyeendweng.  This is in the places I saw it a large, generally deep and sluggish stream, varying in breadth from 270 to 350 yards.  The next in size is the Namtoroan, which has more of the character of a mountain stream; it is of considerable breadth (opposite Nhempean it is 270 yards across,) and presents numerous rapids.  Both of these rivers are navigable for boats of some size.  The other rivers are small and insignificant; all fall into the Namtoroan or Namtunai.

Villages.—­Of these the following were passed on the route:—­

1. Nhempean, on the right bank of the Namtoroan, is situated on an extensive open grassy plain, it is stockaded:  it contains about 12 houses, the river is here navigable for middling sized canoes.

2. Tubone, on the same bank, but lower down, and within quarter of a mile of Nhempean, it is of about the same size, and similarly stockaded.

3. Nidding, on the left bank of the Saxsai-kha, about three-quarters of a mile above its junction with the Namtoroan:  it is a stockaded village, and about the same size.

4. Calleyang, on the Prong-kha contains about 8 houses:  it is not stockaded.

5. Lamoon, on the Moneekha, is a very small village, containing four or five houses:  it is not stockaded.

6. Tsilone, on the left bank of the Namtunai.  This is the Dupha Gam’s village:  it is of the ordinary size, and is stockaded in the usual manner.

7. Meinkhoon, on the Cadeekha, by which it is intersected; it consists of two stockades, separated by the above stream; and contains about 25 houses, none of which are however large.  It is here that the first Pagodas (Poongye houses) occur.  The village is situated on an open grassy plain of considerable extent.