invented and patented an improvement in cotton-gins called the “breast-roller,” also a portable steam saw-mill.  As early as 1790 he was at work on the problem of the application of steam power to the propulsion of boats, but lack of funds prevented operations until 1807, the same year in which Fulton launched his steamboat.  His son, Augustus Baldwin Longstreet (1790-1870), became President of South Carolina College.  Robert Fulton (1765-1815), of Ayrshire origin through Ulster, was, as every one knows, the first to successfully apply steam to navigation.  Hugh Maxwell (1777-1860), publisher and newspaper editor, of Scottish descent, invented the “printer’s roller” (patented in 1817), cast his own types and engraved his own woodcuts.  Henry Burden (1791-1871), born in Dunblane, inventor of an improved plow and the first cultivator, was also the first to invent and make the hook-headed railroad spike “which has since proved itself a most important factor in railroad building in the United States.”  His “cigar boat” although not a commercial success was the fore-runner of the “whale-back” steamers now in use on the Great Lakes.  William Orr (1808-91), manufacturer and inventor, born in Belfast of Ulster Scot parentage, was the first to manufacture merchantable printing paper with wood fibre in it, and made several other improvements and discoveries along similar lines.  Cyrus Hall McCormick (1809-84), inventor of the reaping machine, was descended from James McCormick, one of the signers of the address of the city and garrison of Londonderry presented to William III. after the siege in 1689.  Of his invention the French Academy of Sciences declared that by its means he had “done more for the cause of agriculture than any other living man.”  James Blair (1804-84), born in Perth, Scotland, was the inventor of the roller for printing calico; and Robert M. Dalzell (1793-1873) was inventor of the “elevator system” in handling and storing grain.  Samuel Colt (1814-62), inventor of the Colt revolver, and founder of the great arms factory at Hartford, Conn., was of Scots ancestry on both sides.  He was also the first to lay a submarine electric cable (in 1843) connecting New York city with stations on Fire Island and Coney Island.  Thomas Taylor, inventor of electric appliances for exploding powder in mining, blasting, etc., Chief of the Division of Microscopy (1871-95), was born in Perth, Scotland, in 1820.  Duncan H. Campbell, born in Greenock in 1827, settled in Boston as a lad, by his numerous inventions, “pegging machines, stitching machines, a lock-stitch machine for sewing uppers, a machine for using waxed threads, a machine for covering buttons with cloth,” laid the foundation of New England’s pre-eminence in shoe manufacturing.  Gordon McKay (1821-1903), by his inventions along similar lines also helped to build up New England’s great industry.  Robert Dick, (1814-93), born in Bathgate, Linlithgowshire, died in Buffalo, lecturer, newspaper editor, writer, preacher, and inventor,