notable creations—­is amply attested by Grace Church, Calvary Church, and St. Patrick’s Cathedral, in New York; the Smithsonian Institution and Corcoran Art Gallery, in Washington; and Vassar College in Poughkeepsie.  John McArthur (1823-90), born in Bladenoch, Wigtownshire, designed and constructed Philadelphia City Hall, Lafayette College, the “Public Ledger” building in Philadelphia, several hospitals, etc.  Alexander Campbell Bruce (b. 1835), of Scottish parentage, designed a number of court-houses and other public buildings in Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and North Carolina, besides schools, libraries, churches, hotels, etc.  He easily became the foremost architect of the South.  Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-86), of Scottish descent, drew the plans for many important buildings, but Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church in Boston, is considered his masterpiece.  James Hamilton Windrim (b. 1840), architect and Director of Public Works in Philadelphia, was of Ulster Scot parentage.  His services were utilized in the planning and construction of some of the most important buildings in Philadelphia.  The Masonic Temple in that city is believed to be his masterpiece.  The designer of many of the notable bridges of Philadelphia was Frank Burns (1844-1913), an architectural draughtsman of Scottish descent.  Harold Van Buren Magonigle (b. 1867), designer of the monument to the Seamen of U.S.S. Maine (1900), Cornell Alumni Hall, Ithaca, the National McKinley Memorial at Canton, Ohio, etc., is the grandson of John Magonigle of Greenock.  The builder of the world famed Smithsonian Institution in Washington was Gilbert Cameron (d. 1866), a native of Greenock, and Scottish stone-masons were largely employed in the construction of many of the most important buildings in the country, such as the Metropolitan Museum and Tombs in New York, the Capitol in Albany, the State House in Boston, the City Hall in Chicago, etc.  Alexander McGaw (1831-1905), born in Stranraer, Wigtownshire, was famous as a bridge-builder and as builder of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.  John L. Hamilton (1835-1904), born in Newmilns, Ayrshire, came to the United States in 1853, and soon became eminent as a builder.

Duncan Phyfe, maker of exquisite furniture, who adapted and improved the Sheraton style, and considered by good judges to be the equal of Sheraton, Hipplewhite, and Adams, was a Scot who came to America about 1784.  His father was John Fife of Inverness.  Dyer, who devotes a chapter of his Early American Craftsmen to him, says “no other American made anything comparable to ... the exquisite furniture of Duncan Phyfe.”  The name of Samuel McIntire (d. 1811) stands out pre-eminent as master of all the artists in wood of his time.  An account of his work is given by Dyer with illustrations of his work.  In 1812, Thomas Haig, a native of Scotland, a Queensware potter, started the Northern Liberties Pottery, and