etc.  William Hart (1823-94), born in Paisley, became an Academican in 1857, and was afterwards President of the Brooklyn Academy and of the American Water Color Society.  James McDougall Hart (1828-1901), born in Kilmarnock, brother of William Hart, already mentioned, Academican of the National Academy of Design, was noted for his landscapes and paintings of cattle and sheep.  His “Summer Memory of Berkshire” and his “Indian Summer” attracted considerable attention at the Paris Salon in 1878.  James David Smillie (1833-1909), son of James Smillie, the Scottish engraver, during the Civil War made designs for government bonds and greenbacks.  In 1864 he took up landscape painting and was one of the founders of the American Water Color Society (1867) and National Academican in 1876.  His brother, George Henry Smillie (b. 1840), was also distinguished as a landscape painter.  He made a sketching tour in the Rocky Mountains and the Yosemite Valley in 1871, and became a National Academican in 1882.  Walter Shirlaw, born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1838, died in Madrid, Spain, in 1909, was the first President of the Society of American Artists.  His easel pictures “are marked by rich color and fine composition, and he is one of the few American artists who have successfully painted the nude.  His water-colors and etchings have brought him high reputation in these forms of expression.”  Walter MacEwen, born in Chicago of Scottish parents, has painted many pictures and has received medals and decorations for his work.  In 1895-96 he painted nine large panels and a number of small ones for the Hall of Heroes in the Library of Congress.  George Inness (1825-94), the famous American painter, is believed to have been of Scottish ancestry.  James T. Dick (1834-68), William Keith (b.  Aberdeenshire, 1839), Robert Frank Dallas (b. 1855), John White Alexander (b. 1856), Robert Bruce Crane (b. 1857), Addison Thomas Miller (b. 1860), and John Humpreys Johnston, are all artists of Scottish parentage or Scottish ancestry.  John Robinson Tait (b. 1834), artist and author, son of a native of Edinburgh, has written much on art subjects.  John Wesley Beatty (b. 1851), Art Director of the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, is of Scottish parentage.  John Ward Dunsmore (b. 1856), Director of the Detroit Museum of Arts and Founder of the Detroit School of Arts; and John Ferguson Weir (b. 1841), Dean of the School of Fine Arts at Yale University, are of Scottish descent.

Alexander Lawson (1773-1846), born in Lanarkshire, died in Philadelphia, was famous as the engraver of the best plates in Alexander Wilsons’s Ornithology and the plates on conchology for Haldeman and Binney.  His son, Oscar A. Lawson (1813-54), was chart engraver of the United States Coast Survey, 1840-51.  Samuel Allerdice engraved a large number of plates of Dobson’s edition of Rees’s Cyclopaedia, 1794-1803.  Hugh Anderson, a Scot, did good line and stipple work in Philadelphia in the first quarter of the nineteenth