The old English names are many.—­’Love in idleness,’—­making Lysander, as Titania, much wandering in mind, and for a time mere ‘Kits run the street’ (or run the wood?)—­“Call me to you” (Gerarde, ch. 299, Sowerby, No. 178), with ‘Herb Trinity,’ from its three colours, blue, purple, and gold, variously blended in different countries?  ‘Three faces under a hood’ describes the English variety only.  Said to be the ancestress of all the florists’ pansies, but this I much doubt, the next following species being far nearer the forms most chiefly sought for.

35.  III.  VIOLA ALPINA.  ’Freneli’s Pansy’—­my own name for it, from Gotthelf’s Freneli, in ‘Ulric the Farmer’; the entirely pure and noble type of the Bernese maid, wife, and mother.

The pansy of the Wengern Alp in specialty, and of the higher, but still rich, Alpine pastures.  Full dark-purple; at least an inch across the expanded petals; I believe, the ‘Mater Violarum’ of Gerarde; and true black violet of Virgil, remaining in Italian ‘Viola Mammola’ (Gerarde, ch. 298).

36.  IV.  VIOLA AUREA.  Golden Violet.  Biflora usually; but its brilliant yellow is a much more definite characteristic; and needs insisting on, because there is a ‘Viola lutea’ which is not yellow at all; named so by the garden florists.  My Viola aurea is the Rock-violet of the Alps; one of the bravest, brightest, and dearest of little flowers.  The following notes upon it, with its summer companions, a little corrected from my diary of 1877, will enough characterize it.

“June 7th.—­The cultivated meadows now grow only dandelions—­in frightful quantity too; but, for wild ones, primula, bell gentian, golden pansy, and anemone,—­Primula farinosa in mass, the pansy pointing and vivifying in a petulant sweet way, and the bell gentian here and there deepening all,—­as if indeed the sound of a deep bell among lighter music.

“Counted in order, I find the effectively constant flowers are eight;[5] namely,

“1.  The golden anemone, with richly cut large leaf; primrose colour, and in masses like primrose, studded through them with bell gentian, and dark purple orchis.

“2.  The dark purple orchis, with bell gentian in equal quantity, say six of each in square yard, broken by sparklings of the white orchis and the white grass-flower; the richest piece of colour I ever saw, touched with gold by the geum.

“3 and 4.  These will be white orchis and the grass flower.[6]

“5.  Geum—­everywhere, in deep, but pure, gold, like pieces of Greek mosaic.

“6.  Soldanella, in the lower meadows, delicate, but not here in masses.

“7.  Primula Alpina, divine in the rock clefts, and on the ledges changing the grey to purple,—­set in the dripping caves with

“8.  Viola (pertinax—­pert); I want a Latin word for various studies—­failures all—­to express its saucy little stuck-up way, and exquisitely trim peltate leaf.  I never saw such a lovely perspective line as the pure front leaf profile.  Impossible also to get the least of the spirit of its lovely dark brown fibre markings.  Intensely golden these dark fibres, just browning the petal a little between them.”