off by successive migrations to wilder regions; but the rapid increase of population makes any continent inadequate to the supply of food through the chase indefinitely.  Morgan estimates that the state of New York, with its 47,000 square miles, never contained at any one time more than 25,000 Indians.[184] Sooner or later the man must either fall back on the process represented by the women, taking up and developing her industries, or he must change his attitude toward animal life.  In fact, he generally does both.  He enters into a sort of alliance with animal life, or with certain of its forms, feeding them, and tending them, and breeding them; and he applies his katabolic energies to the pursuits of woman, organizing and advancing them.  Whether the animal or the plant life receives in the end more attention is a matter turning on environment and other circumstances.

When the destructive male propensities have exhausted or diminished the food stores on the animal side, and man is forced to fall back on the constructive female process, we find that he brings greater and better organizing force to bear on the industries.  Male enterprises have demanded concerted action.  In order to surround a buffalo herd, or to make a successful assault, or even to row a large boat, organization and leadership are necessary.  To attack under leaders, give signal cries, station sentinels, punish offenders, is, indeed, a part of the discipline even of animal groups.  The organizing capacity developed by the male in human society in connection with violent ways of life is transferred to labor.  The preparation of land for agriculture was undertaken by the men on a large scale.  The jungle was cleared, water courses were diverted and highways prepared for the transportation of the products of labor.

But more than this, perhaps, man brought with him to the industrial occupations all the skill in fashioning force-appliances acquired through his intense, constant, and long-continued attention to the devising and manufacture of weapons.  Man is relatively a feeble animal, but he made various and ingenious cutting, jabbing, and bruising appliances to compensate.  His life was a life of strains, both giving and taking, and under the stress he had developed offensive and defensive weapons.  There is, however, no radical difference, simply a difference in object and intensity of stimulus, between handling and making weapons and handling and making tools.  So, when man was obliged to turn his attention to the agriculture and industries practiced by primitive woman he brought all his technological skill and a part of his technological interest to bear on the new problems.  Women had been able to thrust a stick into the earth and drop the seed and await a meager harvest.  When man turned his attention to this matter, his ingenuity eventually worked out a remarkable combination of the animal, mineral, and vegetable kingdoms:  with the iron plow, drawn by the ox, he upturned the face of the earth, and produced food stuffs in excess of immediate demands, thus creating the conditions of culture.