[Footnote 16:  Asher’s Text and Epstein’s MS. give the distance between Arles and Marseilles as three days’ journey.  The actual distance is about fifty-three English miles.  Probably the Roman roads were still in use.]

[Footnote 17:  R. Isaac, son of Abba Mari, is the celebrated author of “Baal Haittur”; he wrote this work at Marseilles, 1179.  It is doubtful whether he was the son of Count Raymond’s bailiff.]

     [Footnote 18:  His full name is R. Jacob Perpignano.  See
     Graetz, VI, note 1, p. 399.]

     [Footnote 19:  The meaning of course is that the Genoese
     pillage Christian and Mohammedan places alike.]

[Footnote 20:  See Dr. H. Berliner’s work Die Geschichte der Juden in Rom. His derivation of the Hebrew word used for Pope, [Hebrew:] from Peter, is questionable.  It is the Greek [Greek:  hepiphoros].  See Talmud, Aboda Zarah, 11 a.]

     [Footnote 21:  The great work alluded to is the Talmudical
     Dictionary, completed in 1101.  See Graetz, VI, p. 281.]

     [Footnote 22:  The palace of the Caesars on the Palatine Hill
     is no doubt here referred to.]

     [Footnote 23:  [Hebrew:], quoted by E and Asher, is a corrupt
     reading for [Hebrew:].]

[Footnote 24:  This is Josippon’s story.  Benjamin occasionally embodies in his work fantastic legends told him, or recorded by his predecessors.  His authorities lived in the darkest period of the Middle Ages.  Josippon, Book I, Chap, iv, speaks of 320 senators.  I have followed Breithaupt, and rendered [Hebrew:] “consul.”]

[Footnote 25:  Having regard to the various readings, it is possible that the Thermae of Diocletian or more probably the Flavian amphitheatre, which early in the Middle Ages began to be called the Colosseum, is here referred to.  It had four stories, each floor composed of arcades containing eighty separate compartments, making 320 in all.  Our author in the course of his narrative speaks more than once of buildings erected on a uniform plan corresponding with the days of the year.]

[Footnote 26:  I. Heilprin, the author of Seder Hadoroth (Warsaw, 1897 edition, p. 157) as well as Zunz, appear to have here fallen into error, assuming as they do that Benjamin refers to the ten teachers of the Mishna, R. Gamaliel, R. Akiba and the other sages who suffered martyrdom in Palestine at the hands of the Roman Emperors.  The ten martyrs here alluded to are those referred to in the Preface to Hakemoni, published by Geiger in [Hebrew:], Berlin, 1840, and [Hebrew:], Berlin edition, fols. 151-2 [Hebrew:] Rome, as so many other cities, had its own martyrs.]

     [Footnote 27:  This is the statue of Marcus Aurelius now
     before the Capitol.]

     [Footnote 28:  Even in Benjamin’s time the Campagna was noted
     for malaria.]