Now, we have seen verifiable facts enough to prove that Labrador, out of its total area of eleven Englands, is not likely to be advantageously exploitable over much more than the area of one England for other purposes than the growth and harvesting of wild life by land and water.  How are these ten Englands to be brought under conservation, before it is too late, in the best interests of the five chief classes of people who are concerned already or will be soon?  Of course, the same individual may belong to more than one class.  I merely use these divisions to make sure of considering all sides of the question.  The five great interests are those of—­1.  Food. 2.  Business. 3.  The Indians and Eskimos. 4.  Sport, and 5.  The Zoophilists, by which I mean all people interested in wild-animal life, from zoologists to tourists.

1.  Food.—­The resident population is so sparse that there is not one person for every 20,000 acres; and most of these people live on the coast.  Consequently, the vast interior could not be used for food supplies in any case.  Besides, ever since the white man occupied the coast, the immediate hinterland, which used to be full of life, has become more and more barren.  Fish is plentiful enough.  A few small crops of common vegetables could be grown in many places, and outside supplies are becoming more available.  So the toll of birds and mammals taken by the present genuine residents for necessary food is not a menace, if taken in reason.  In isolated places in the Gulf, like Harrington, the Provincial law might safely be relaxed, so as to allow the eggs of ducks and gulls to be taken up to the 5th of June and those of murres, auks and puffins up to the 15th.  Flight birds might also be shot at any time on the outside capes and islands.  There is a local unwritten law down there—­“No guns inside, after the 1st of June”—­and it has been kept for twenty years.  Similar relaxations might be allowed in other places, in genuine cases of necessity.  But the egging and out-of-season slaughter done by people, resident or not, who are in touch with the outside world, should be stopped absolutely.  And the few walrus now required as food by the few out-living Eskimos should be strictly protected.  Of course, killing for food under real stress of need at any time or place goes without saying.  The real and spurious cases will soon be discriminated by any proper system.

2.  Business.—­Business is done in fish, whales, seals, fur, game, plumage and eggs.  The fish are a problem apart.  But it is worth noting that uncontrolled exploitation is beginning to affect even their countless numbers in certain places.  Whales have always been exploited indiscriminately, and their wide range outside of territorial waters adds to the difficulties of any regulation.  But some seasonal and sanctuary protection is necessary to prevent their becoming extinct.  The “white porpoise” could have its young protected; and