“Being beaten, they were crucified opposite to the citadel.” (P. 1247, edit. 24 Huds.)

“Whom, having first scourged with whips, he crucified.” (P. 1080, edit. 45.)

“He was burnt alive, having been first beaten.” (P. 1327, edit. 43.)

To which may he added one from Livy, lib. xi. c. 5.  “Pro ductique omnes, virgisqus caesi, ac securi percussi.”

A modern example may illustrate the use we make of this instance.  The preceding of a capital execution by the corporal punishment of the sufferer is a practice unknown in England, but retained, in some instances at least, as appears by the late execution of a regicide in Sweden.  This circumstance, therefore, in the account of an English execution, purporting to come from an English writer, would not only bring a suspicion upon the truth of the account, but would in a considerable degree impeach its pretensions of having been written by the author whose name it bore.  Whereas, the same circumstance in the account of a Swedish execution would verify the account, and support the authenticity of the book in which it was found, or, at least, would prove that the author, whoever he was, possessed the information and the knowledge which he ought to possess.

XXVI. [p. 353.] John xix. 16.  “And they took Jesus, and led him away; and he bearing his cross went forth.”

Plutarch, De iis qui sero puniuntur, p. 554; a Paris, 1624.  “Every kind of wickedness produces its own particular torment; just as every malefactor, when he is brought forth to execution, carries his own cross.”

XXVII.  John xix. 32.  “Then came the soldiers and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.”

Constantine abolished the punishment of the cross:  in commending which edict, a heathen writer notices this very circumstance of breaking the legs:  “Eo pius, ut etiam vetus veterrimumque supplicium, patibulum, et cruribus suffringendis, primus removerit.”  Aur.  Vict Ces. cap. xli.

XXVIII. [p. 457.] Acts iii. 1.  “Now Peter and John went up together into the temple, at the hour of prayer, being the ninth hour.”

Joseph.  Antiq. lib xv. e. 7, sect. 8.  “Twice every day, in the morning and at the ninth hour, the priests perform their, duty at the altar.”

XXIX. [p. 462.] Acts xv. 21.  “For Moses of old time hath, in every city, them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath-day.”

Joseph. contra Ap. 1. ii.  “He (Moses) gave us the law, the most excellent of all institutions; nor did he appoint that it should be heard once only, or twice, or often, but that, laying aside all other works, we should meet together every week to hear it read, and gain a perfect understanding of it.”

XXX. [p. 465.] Acts xxi. 23.  “We have four men which have a vow on them; them take, and purify thyself with them that they may shave their heads.”

Joseph. de Bell. 1. xi. c. 15.  “It is customary for those who have been afflicted with some distemper, or have laboured under any other difficulties, to make a vow thirty days before they offer sacrifices, to abstain from wine, and shave the hair of their heads.”