Numerous trials have been made with these unhappy feline barometers, and the creatures have been found to die in frightful convulsions.  The symptoms of the puna are giddiness, dimness of sight and hearing, headache, fainting-fits, blood from mouth, eyes, nose, lips, and a feeling like sea-sickness.  Nothing but time cures it.  It begins to be felt severely at from 12,000 to 13,000 feet above the sea.  M. Hermann Schlagintweit, who has had a great deal of mountain experience in the Alps and in the Himalayas, up to the height of 20,000 feet or more, tells me that he found the headache, etc., come on when there was a breeze, far more than at any other time.  His whole party would awake at the same moment, and begin to complain of the symptoms, immediately on the commencement of a breeze.  The symptoms of overwork are not wholly unlike those of the puna, and many young travellers who have felt the first, have ascribed them to the second.

Scurvy has attacked travellers even in Australia; and I have myself felt symptoms of it in Africa, when living wholly on meat.  Any vegetable diet cures it:  lime-juice, treacle, raw potatoes, and acid fruits are especially efficacious.  Dr. Kane insists on the value of entirely raw meat as a certain anti-scorbutic:  this is generally used by the Esquimaux.

Haemorrhage from a Wound.—­When the blood does not pour or trickle in a steady stream from a deep wound, but jets forth in pulses, and is of a bright red colour, all the bandages in the world will not stop it.  It is an artery that is wounded; and, unless there be some one accessible, who knows how to take it up and tie it, I suppose that the method of our fore-fathers is the only one that can be used as you would for a snake-bite (see next paragraph); or else to pour boiling grease into the wound.  This is, of course, a barbarous treatment, and its success is uncertain, as the cauterised artery may break out afresh; still, life is in question, and it is the only hope of saving it.  After the cautery, the wounded limb should be kept perfectly still, well raised, and cool, until the wound is nearly healed.  A tourniquet, which will stop the blood for a time, is made by tying a strong thong, string, or handkerchief firmly above the part, putting a stick through, and screwing it tight.  If you know whereabouts the artery lies, which is the object to compress, put a stone over the place under the handkerchief.  The main arteries follow pretty much the direction of the inner seams of the sleeves and trousers.

Snake-bites.—­Tie a string tight above the part, suck the wound, and caustic it as soon as you can.  Or, for want of caustic, explode gunpowder in the wound; of else do what Mr. Mansfield Parkyns well suggests, i.e., cut away with a knife, and afterwards burn out with the end of your iron ramrod, heated as near a white heat as you can readily get it.  The arteries lie deep, and as much flesh may, without much danger, be cut or burnt into, as the fingers can pinch up.  The next step is to use the utmost energy, and even cruelty, to prevent the patient’s giving way to that lethargy and drowsiness which is the usual effect of snake-poison, and too often ends in death.